Week 6 Flashcards
Name 4 “Basic Strategies”? Describe them and name examples.
- Process focused-
Ex. Hospitals, phone repair shops.
Named aka. Job Shops
Volume: L
Variety: H
Employee skills: Broad education
Scheduling: Complex
VC: H
FC: L
Throughput: Long
Material: Genera purposes - Product focused-
Ex. Beer production, plastic bottle product, steel fabrics.
Volume: H
Variety: L
Employee skills: Low education
Scheduling: Relatively easy
VC: H
FC: L
Throughput: Short
Material: Specialized - Repetitive focus
Ex. Harley Davidson
Modularisation!
Volume: Realitively H
Variety: Standardised
Employee skills: Average education
Scheduling: From models easy planning
VC: Avg.
FC: H
Throughput: Hours/days
Material: Specialised - Mass Custimization
Ex. Dell computers
Volume: H
Variety: H
Employee skills: Trained for customising
Scheduling: Complex
VC: L
FC: H
Throughput: Short
Material: Fixably special
Process analysis tools.
- Flowchart
- Time-function mapping
- Value stream mapping- how to add value in stream of material. Info through entire production process; all supply chain.
- Process chart
- Service blueprinting- focus on customer and provide interaction with cust. (poka-yokes)
Degree of customisation chart.
1.Degree of labor intensity: L; Degree of customisation: L => SERVICE (FAQ)
2. Degree of labor intensity: L; Degree of customisation: H => SERVICE, SHOP (bank)
3. Degree of labor intensity: H; Degree of customisation: L => MASS SERVICE (supermarket)
4. Degree of labor intensity: H; Degree of customisation: H => PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (Law firm)
What is CODP?
Push boundry, customer order decoupling point. Point after which the production is deetermined on customer demand.
Risks of misplacing CODP?
Too far from customer- lead time is too long then.
Too close- high inventory costs.
Name 4 cases of CODP.
- Engineer to order- CODP located before resource acquisition. (luxury pieces)
- Make-to-order- CODP located at storage of resources: car industry, process focused or repetitive.
- Assemble-to-order- CODP is located at the storage component. Mass customisation.
- Make-to-stock- CODP located at the storage, product focused or repetitive.
Describe 3 time horizons of capacity planning.
- Long-range- add facilities or equipment.
- Intermediate range- add personnel, shifts. Subcontract, build/use inventory.
3.Short-range- schedule jobs & people. allocate machinery.
Name differences between quantitative and qualitative model variations in OM?
Quantitive- for efficiency evaluation, w/out human factoring.
Qualitative- human factors w/out efficiency consideration.
HR Strategy Areas.
- Labour planning=
*Follow demand exactly- Labour as FC, match direct labour costs to production. Adds up costs of hiring etc.
*Hold employment constant- Labour as FC, maintain trained workforce, min. hiring & termination techniques. - Job design-
*Job specialisation
*Job expansion
*Psychological components (Hawthorne studies- about light impact)
*Self directed teams
*Motivation systems - Labour standards- how much time needed to finish the job determination?
Why should you improve quality?
Quality improvement improves profitability.
1. Sales gains
2. Cost reduction
TQM- Total quality management types.
- Continuous improvement-
PDCA- Plan-Do-Check-Act (Keizen) - Six Sigma-
Process designed to reduce defects, lower costs and improve cust. satisfaction=> 99,9997% capability of process. Highly structured approach. - Employee improvement-
quality circle, who meet regularly to solve work-related problems. - Benchmarking-
setting standards to performance. - JIT
- Tauguchi concepts-
Three processes that aim to improve product&process quality.
*Quality robust products- products that are consistent to build and meet cust. needs in spite of adverse conditions in product process.
*Quality loss function
*Target oriented quality - Knowledge of TQM tools-
*Tools to generate ideas
*Organise data
*Identify problems
