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PYB359 > Week 5 Theraputic Positioning & Post Modern Family Therapy > Flashcards

Week 5 Theraputic Positioning & Post Modern Family Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What did Ludwig Wittgenstein say about about his world?

A

“The limits of my language mean the limits of my world”

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2
Q

What did Fredrich William Nietzsche say about the world?

A

“All things are subject to interpretation, whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a function of power and not truth”

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3
Q

What is the definition of epistemology?

A

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that concerns itself with the nature of reality. It seeks to answer the philosophical question: what sort of world is this? These assumptions are often taken for granted, seen as truths and not clearly stated’

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4
Q

What is the process from epistemology to therapeutic techniques?

A

Epistemology -> Theoretical Assumptions -> Practice Principles -> Therapeutic Techniques

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5
Q

What are the three primary stances/beliefs regarding Human knowledge of reality?

A
  1. Reality is knowable
  2. We are prisoners of our perceptions
  3. Knowledge arises within communties of knwoers
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6
Q

What is the first primary stance/belief regarding the human knowledge of reality?

A

Reality is knowable - its elements and workings can be accurately and replicably discovered, described and used by human beings

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7
Q

What is the second primary stance/belief regarding the human knowledge of reality?

A

We are prisoners of our perceptions - attempts to describe reality tell us a lot about the person doing the describing, but not much about external reality.

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8
Q

What is the third primary stance/belief regarding the human knowledge of reality?

A

Knowledge arises within communities of knowers - the realities we inhabit are those that we negotiate with each other

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9
Q

What did Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy say about human knowledge of reality?

A

“there are no facts flying around in nature as if they were butterflies that you put into a nice orderly collection. Our cognition is not a mirroring of ultimate reality but rather is an active process, in which we create models of the world. These models direct what we actually see what we consider as as a fact’

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10
Q

What is modernism (structuralism)?

A

Technology and legitimate knowledge

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11
Q

What do the logical and empirical methods described by modernism feature?

A

Quantification
statistical inference
controlled experiment

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12
Q

What does modernism aim to discover?

A

Discovering objective, verifiable facts about specialised subjects (the pure language of observation that hopes to eliminate human bias

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13
Q

What does modernism adhere to?

A

Adherence to cannons of methodology

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14
Q

What does modernism formulate?

A

Formulations of generalizable laws

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15
Q

How is validity established in modernism?

A

Validity is established by observable reality

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16
Q

What is the belief of modernism?

A

Belief in a knowable world and a knowable essentialized self

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17
Q

What is the general definition of postmodernism (post-structurialism)?

A

A panoply (large array) of perspectives

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18
Q

What does postmodernism acknowledge?

A

Acknowledgement of multiple realities

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19
Q

What is the postmodernism view of language?

A

Language as a matrix for meaning-making that constructs reality

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20
Q

What does postmodernism produce?

A

It is the production of local knowledge and a privileging of context and relationship

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21
Q

What does postmodernism produce?

A

Production of a local knowledge and a privileging of context and relationship

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22
Q

What is knowledge according to postmodernism?

A

Knowledge as a fragmentary (incomplete and patchy) and constructed (invented) by social discourse - rather than discovered

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23
Q

What does postmodernism analyse?

A

Analysing human experience via narrative, rhetorical/discursive (divergent discussions), hermeneutic (interpretive) and deconstructionist approaches

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24
Q

What is the modernist self?

A

The modernist self is stable, independent, individualist,has a consistent set of traits, (personality)

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25
Q

what is the postmodern self?

A

The postmodern self is contextual (socially-constructed - generated by one’s place and one’s time), relational, dialogical and above all fluid (we are — always becoming)

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26
Q

What did Martin Heidegger say to explain post-structuralism?

A

“Words like the chisel of the carve, can create what never existed before rather than simply describing what already exists. As a man speaks not only in the thing he is declaring coming into existence but also the man himself”

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27
Q

What is language according to the modernist view?

A

An abstract structure of linguistic signs that refers to a real world beyond language.

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28
Q

What is the postmodern view of language as a network?

A

Language is a network of ‘signifiers’ whose relationship to things is arbitrary - rather than fixed and obvious. Language is the means by which we construct a social reality and is historically and culturally situated.

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29
Q

What is the postmodern view of language to construct something?

A

Used to construct ‘discourses’ (systems of statements that consist of stories, images, metaphors, representations ) that produce a particular version of events or “how things are”

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30
Q

What is the postmodern view of language Where it is ___ rather than __?

A

Language is performative rather than representational

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31
Q

What is the postmodern view of language as communities?

A

Different language communities carve up langauge differently - meanings of things remain open, contested and sites of conflict an power (e.g. same-sex and other communities taking back of names/labels)

32
Q

What is the power of language as a medium?

A

From being a medium for merely reflecting an independent (out there) reality… to being the very medium which social reality is constructed (negotiated or imposed)

33
Q

What is the result of the power of language?

A

Dominant discourses are constructed and tend to legitimate some form of social control over others of even oneself (e.g. gender discourse, political discourse, media discourse, political discourse, media discourse, professional discourses DSM-V)

34
Q

What did Nicholas & Schwards say about understanding experience?

A

‘Fragments of experience are understood only through a process that organises it, selects what’s salient and assigns meaning and significance’

35
Q

What is the postmodern critique of family therapy therapists?

A

The therapist cannot objectively observe from outside a system. They become part of the system and hence any perspective is partial and essentially equal to any other member of the system

36
Q

What is the postmodern critique of family therapy models of function and dysfunction?

A

All models of function and dysfunction are value based and situated within particular social and historical contexts

37
Q

What is the postmodern critique of the Systemic hypothesis and reframing in family therapy?

A

Any systemic hypothesis or reframing is a construction of the client into a Dominant Knowledge - that of the therapist

38
Q

What is the postmodern critique of family therapy relating to reification of deficit oriented terms?

A

Concerns with the reification of deficit oriented terms and the potential for these to be used in ways that are normalising and pathologizing essentially shifting pathology from individual to the family

39
Q

What is the post modern critique of the mechanistic/cybernetic metaphors used in family therapy?

A

The mechanistic/cybernetic metaphor limits the way in which humans can be viewed as the analogies used are extrinsic to the object of interest

40
Q

What is the postmodern critique of what family therapy takes into account?

A

There is an ongoing lack to take into account the historical, and political context in which families exist, including gender bias and power

41
Q

What did Friedman & Combs say is the objective of the modernist world view and why is it bad?

A

The objectivity of the modernist world view, with its emphasis on facts, replicable procedures and generally applicable rules easily ignores the specific localised meaning of individual people. When we treat people with this type of objectivity, we regard them as objects, thus inviting them into a relationship in which they are passive, powerless recipients of out knowledge and expertise.

42
Q

What is the philosophical positioning and how does it relate to family therapy?

A

The world view and epistemological position that we hold and the beliefs and ideas about families, problem formation and problem resolution will not only influence what we perceive, but also directly informs what we do how we relate and the questions we ask of a family.

This process will position the client in particular ways, influencing the individual or families feeling, action and identity

43
Q

How is knowledge and truth viewed in the post-modern therapies?

A

objective, discoverable knowledge and universal absolute truths are viewed sceptically

44
Q

What is the world/truth according to the post-modern therapy?

A

The world/truth is not out there waiting to be discovered

45
Q

How is knowledge constructed according to the post-modern therapies?

A

Knowledges are linguistically and communally constructed.

46
Q

What is reality according to post-modern therapy?

A

Reality is a multiverse

47
Q

What is language according to the post-modern therapies?

A

Language is the vehicle through which people ‘know’ and attribute meaning to their world?

48
Q

What is the goal of post-modern therapy?

A

The goal of therapy is to provide a relational and dialogical space for transformation

49
Q

what is change in post-modern therapy?

A

Change is unique to the participants and cannot be predetermined

50
Q

What happens to people’s identities in post-modern therapy?

A

People’s identities are shaped and reshaped in social interaction

51
Q

What is the therapist according to the post-modern Therapy?

A

The therapist is not viewed as a causal agent but as a part of a fluid meaning generating process.

52
Q

What position does the therapist take in post-modern therapy?

A

Therapist takes a NOT KNOWING position of curiosity

53
Q

What is privileged in post-modern therapy?

A

Client’s expertise and local knowledge is priviliged

54
Q

What must one be aware of when conducting post-modern therapy?

A

Aware of the politics of therapy - a collaborative stance

55
Q

What is transparency in post-modern therapy?

A

Transparency means there is no hidden expert knowledge. This is essential

56
Q

What directs the process in post-modern therapy?

A

The process is client directed

57
Q

What are the primary therapeutic tools of post-modern therapies?

A

Relationship, inquiry and questioning

58
Q

What must be maintained and acknowledged in post-modern therapy?

A

The maintenance of multiple and balanced alliances with all members of the family and the acknowledgement of multiple perspectives.

59
Q

How did Anderson & Goolishan describe the post-modern therapy process and the therapists’ role?

A

In talking about the problem, the therapist and client are in the process of creating the problem (s) they work on in therapy’… ‘ the therapist becomes a member of the problem system and as such becomes equally and actively responsible for the co-creation of the problem definition and their remedies as is the client

60
Q

What is the concept of not knowing?

A

The questions that you should not be asking the experts, but rather the families (e.g. why did the mother act the way she did?). It is the interest in the family members’ hypotheses NOT the therapists’. We do not want to know anything before the session, we want to know exactly and directly from the client without any knowing before hand.

61
Q

Why is not-knowing beneficial?

A

When you think you know (about the family and make hypotheses) you begin prematurely begin assuming and filling in the blanks and interrupt the client’s story and multiple stories that they will be telling you and inadvertently begin steering the story, possibly in a direction that the client may not have taken.

62
Q

Why is not-knowing not a strategy?

A

Not-knowing is not a technique or strategy that you do. It is a concept that relates to know one understands knowledge and constructs the knowledge.
It is how one conceptualises knowledge and the intent that you wish to do with that knowledge

63
Q

What is collaborative constructionist family therapy in michael white’s quadrant?

A

It is decentered

64
Q

What is influential + de-centered therapy in michael white’s quadrant

A

Invigorating for the worker

65
Q

What is non-influential + de-centered therapy in michael white’s quadrant

A

Invalidating for the worker

66
Q

what is tradtional structuralist family therapy in Michael white’s quadrant?

A

Centered

67
Q

What is influential + centered therapy in michael white’s quadrant

A

Burdening of worker

68
Q

What is non-influential + centered therapy in michael white’s quadrant

A

Exhausting of worker

69
Q

What are orienting questions?

A

These are questions that are asked to orient the therapist, they are not seen as therapeutic in nature

70
Q

What influencing questions?

A

These are questions that are intended to co-construct particular realities, focusing a client’s attention in particular ways

71
Q

What are conversational questions?

A

A question that is informed by the conversation itself and the story you are listening to. It is asking questions in a way that you have no idea where the story is leading.

72
Q

what are different approaches to post-modern therapy but have similar practices?

A

Collaborative language systems and the reflecting team
Solution focused belief therapy
Narrative therapy

73
Q

What must the therapist maintain in family therapy?

A

At the heart of these collaborative/contructivist approaches to family therapy is the ability of the therapist to maintain multiple and balanced alliances with all family members ensuring that all members have a voice within the session.

74
Q

What is therapeutic neutrality as developed by the Milan school of family therapy?

A

Maintaining multiple and balanced alliances with all family members ensuring that all members have a voice within the session

75
Q

What is neutrality?

A

Neutrality is the idea that if each family member were asked at the end of the session who’s side the therapist was on they would answer ‘my side’

76
Q

What did Hare-Mustin say about relational positioning in family therapy?

A

“The stories that you and your clients bring to the counselling room will provide the framework for change from within you can work, they provide the ground from which you start and the limit at which you end. The possibilities for change are limited by the discourses that the family and therapist brings to the room”

77
Q

What did Care and O’Hanlon say about relational positioning in family therapy?

A

“The meaning that we attribute to an event is often guided by the discourse that we hold as assumptions. These, especially in family work, are influenced by multiple factors which direct how we interpret action, including our own experience of family, how our relationships have developed, out age, rank gender and conditioning about the nature of marriage”

PYB359 (5 decks)

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