Week 5 Small Animal Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

The six “R’s” of drug administration

A
Right patient
right drug
right does
right route
right time/frequency
right documentation
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2
Q

The effectiveness of medications depends on:

A

Ability to reach this site of action in the appropriate concentration.
Concentration must be maintained for the prescribed length of time.

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3
Q

Movement of drug in and around the body;

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination/excretion

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4
Q

Absorption

A

Movement from the site of administration to the bloodstream. IV administration requires no absorption stage.

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5
Q

Rate of absorption depend on;

A

Blood flow to the area

From elation of the drug/how soluble it is

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6
Q

Distribution

A

Move into to the target tissue from the bloodstream. Generally, the less blood supply the more difficult drug distribution

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7
Q

Areas of difficult distribution include

A

CNS, Eye and prostate gland

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8
Q

Metabolism

A

Alteration (usually inactivation) of a drug prior to illumination from the body.

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9
Q

The liver is the main organ of metabolism

A

Liver dysfunction can affect the body’s ability to metabolize drugs.

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10
Q

Elimination/excretion

A

Drug and drug metabolites are filtered from the body by the kidney and eliminated in in urine.
Excreted into the G.I. tract and illuminated in feces.
Exhaled from the lungs.
Other routes such as in sweat, tears, milk.

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11
Q

– can compromise the bodies ability to excrete certain drugs.

A

Kidney dysfunction

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12
Q

Oral varieties:

A

Tablets; enteric tablets; capsules; solutions; suspensions; syrups; emulsions

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13
Q

Parenteral varieties:

A

IV, IM, SC, Intradermal, intraperitoneal

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14
Q

IV administration

A

No absorption time; many drugs must be given slowly; must be in solution not suspension.

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15
Q

Intramuscular administration

A

Generally more painful than other injections

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16
Q

Subcutaneous administration

A

Generally less painful it was longer absorption time

17
Q

Intradermal

A

Used primarily for skin allergy testing

18
Q

Intraperitoneal administration

A

Some drugs given IP two very small patience when IV route is not accessible

19
Q

Rectal administration

A

Injectable diazepam given per rectum for seizure control if IV not available.
Suppositories may be available for use by dissolving into rectal mucosa.

20
Q

Inhalation of drugs

A

Vaporization: oxygenated gas anesthetics use this method
Nebulization: drug and water particles added to air or oxygen in the breathing environment

21
Q

Transdermal administration varieties:

A

Ointments

Patches

22
Q

Ointments

A

Some drug molecules can pass through intact skin into the bloodstream.
Do not touch with bare hands.
Greasy, insoluble in water.
Harder to remove been creams.

23
Q

Patches

A

Drug–impregnated permeable patches

Applied to the skin slowly release drug, providing constant delivery.

24
Q

Topical administration

A

Creams, powders, lotions, gels, sprays

25
Q

Topical administration: Creams

A

Non-greasy formulation

Easily removed by licking, rubbing, washing etc.

26
Q

Topical administration: Powders

A

Fine particles best applied to moist surfaces