Week 5 Nervous System Flashcards
The ANS controls
- Blood pressure
- Heart and breathing rates
- Body temperature
- Digestion
- Metabolism
- The balance of water and electrolytes • Saliva, sweat and tears
- Urination
- Defecation
- Sexual response
Two divisions of the ANS
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
Somatic Nervous System includes what types of neurons
Sensory and motor neurons
Sensory neurons are relative to…
touch, pain, temp, proprioception, sight, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium.
Conscious perception and voluntary control is controlled by ____nervous system
Somatic
Autonomic nervous system receives input from____ receptors located in__,__,__,and__
Sensory, - organs, blood vessels, muscles and the nervous system
____ nervous system regulates visceral activities by excitation or inhibition
Autonomic
Subconscious perception and involuntary control is controlled by_____ nervous system.
Autonomic
The Somatic nervous system is on a ____ level while the autonomic is on a ____ level
Conscious, Subconscious
Rest and digest division of ANS
Parasympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight division of ANS
Sympathetic nervous system
The patella reflex is a result of the ___ nervous system
somatic
Somatic motor pathways involve a
single somatic motor neurone
Autonomic motor pathways involve
two motor neurons
In the Sympathetic NS the pre ganglionic neurons are ___ and the post ganglionic neurons are___
Shorter, longer
In the Parasympathetic NS the pre ganglionic neurons are ___ and the post ganglionic neurons are___
Longer, shorter
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS effectors
Glands, cardiac muscles, smooth muscle
Sympathetic NS preganglionic neurons send out fibres in __and__ spinal segments
12 thoracic, 2or 3 lumbar
Sympathetic neurons release ____
Noradrenaline
Parasympathetic neurons release ____
ACh acetylcholine
Parasympathetic NS preganglionic neurons send out fibres in the __and__ spinal segment
Brainstem, 2-4 of spinal cord
Autonomic neurons are considered as either ___ or ___.
cholinergic or adrenergic
Cholinergic neurons release the neurotransmitter ___ which binds to either ___ or___ receptors
Acetylcholine which binds to either nicotinic receptors or muscarinic receptors
Adrenergic neurons release ___ which binds onto ___ receptors (α and/or βs)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline) which binds onto adrenergic receptors (α and/or βs)
Parasympathetic neurons:
Pre-ganglionic releases____which acts at___ .
Post-ganglionic releases___ which acts at___.
Pre-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Nicotinic receptors
Post-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Muscarinic receptors
Parasympathetic Muscarinic receptors cause \_\_\_ vasodilation \_\_\_ HR \_\_\_ Contractility \_\_\_ GI Activity \_\_\_ Insulin glucagon secretion Erection
Increased vasodilation Decreased HR Decreased Contractility Increased GI Activity Increased Insulin glucagon secretion Erection
Sympathetic neurons:
Pre-ganglionic releases____which acts at___ .
Post-ganglionic releases___ which acts at___.
Pre-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Nicotinic receptors
Post-ganglionic: Noradrenaline which acts at α and β receptors (sweat gland exception)
Sympathetic α1 receptors cause
Vasoconstriction
___ Liver glucose production
Vasoconstriction
Increased Liver glucose production
Sympathetic α2 receptors cause
Vasodilation
Inhibitory Responses for GI
___ Insulin
Vasodilation
Inhibitory Responses for GI
Decreased Insulin
Sympathetic β1 receptors cause
___ Renin Release (BP)
___ HR
___ Contractility
Increased Renin Release (BP)
Increased HR
Increased Contractility
Sympathetic β2 receptors cause Bronchodilation Smooth muscle relaxation \_\_\_ Lipolysis \_\_\_ Liver glucose production
Bronchodilation
Smooth muscle relaxation
Increased Lipolysis
Increased Liver glucose production
Sympathetic β3 receptors cause
___ Glycogen breakdown
___ Lipolysis
Increased Glycogen breakdown
Increased Lipolysis
HR, force of ventricular contraction, BP, and blood vessel diameter are controlled by____ reflexes
Autonomic reflexes
Autonomic reflexes occur when nerve impulses pass through an ____ __ __
autonomic reflex arc
Autonomic reflex arc is composed of
a receptor, a sensory neuron, an integrating centre, motor neurons and an effector
Main integrating centre in brain for ANS reflexes is
hypothalamus
Alzheimers causes the formation of ___ and ___
Plaques and tangles in neurons
Plaques and tangles block communication between
brain cells
Extracellularamorphous extracellular deposits of β-amyloid protein
Plaques
Filaments of a phosphorylated form of
a microtubule-associated protein (Tau)
Tangles
Cholinergic neuron
Neuron using ACh as neurotransmitter
Cholinergic neurons control which functions:
cognitive, arousal, memory, motor control, learning
Cholinergic neurons in periphery are involves with
voluntary control of movement and autonomic nervous system
On stimulation, ACh is released into synaptic cleft via
Exocytosis
Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) breaks down
broken down ACh to acetate and choline
Used to treat Alzheimers- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Inhibit the breakdown of ACh
ALS affects both the ___ and ___ ___ ___
Affects both the upper and lower motor neurons
