Week 5 Nervous System

Question 1

The ANS controls

Answer 1

• Blood pressure
• Heart and breathing rates
• Body temperature
• Digestion
• Metabolism
• The balance of water and electrolytes • Saliva, sweat and tears
• Urination
• Defecation
• Sexual response

Question 2

Two divisions of the ANS

Answer 2

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System includes what types of neurons

Answer 3

Sensory and motor neurons

Question 4

Sensory neurons are relative to…

Answer 4

touch, pain, temp, proprioception, sight, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium.

Question 5

Conscious perception and voluntary control is controlled by ____nervous system

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

Autonomic nervous system receives input from____ receptors located in__,__,__,and__

Answer 6

Sensory, - organs, blood vessels, muscles and the nervous system

Question 7

____ nervous system regulates visceral activities by excitation or inhibition

Answer 7

Autonomic

Question 8

Subconscious perception and involuntary control is controlled by_____ nervous system.

Answer 8

Autonomic

Question 9

The Somatic nervous system is on a ____ level while the autonomic is on a ____ level

Answer 9

Conscious, Subconscious

Question 10

Rest and digest division of ANS

Answer 10

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

Fight or flight division of ANS

Answer 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

The patella reflex is a result of the ___ nervous system

Answer 12

somatic

Question 13

Somatic motor pathways involve a

Answer 13

single somatic motor neurone

Question 14

Autonomic motor pathways involve

Answer 14

two motor neurons

Question 15

In the Sympathetic NS the pre ganglionic neurons are ___ and the post ganglionic neurons are___

Answer 15

Shorter, longer

Question 16

In the Parasympathetic NS the pre ganglionic neurons are ___ and the post ganglionic neurons are___

Answer 16

Longer, shorter

Question 17

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS effectors

Answer 17

Glands, cardiac muscles, smooth muscle

Question 18

Sympathetic NS preganglionic neurons send out fibres in __and__ spinal segments

Answer 18

12 thoracic, 2or 3 lumbar

Question 19

Sympathetic neurons release ____

Answer 19

Noradrenaline

Question 20

Parasympathetic neurons release ____

Answer 20

ACh acetylcholine

Question 21

Parasympathetic NS preganglionic neurons send out fibres in the __and__ spinal segment

Answer 21

Brainstem, 2-4 of spinal cord

Question 22

Autonomic neurons are considered as either ___ or ___.

Answer 22

cholinergic or adrenergic

Question 23

Cholinergic neurons release the neurotransmitter ___ which binds to either ___ or___ receptors

Answer 23

Acetylcholine which binds to either nicotinic receptors or muscarinic receptors

Question 24

Adrenergic neurons release ___ which binds onto ___ receptors (α and/or βs)

Answer 24

norepinephrine (noradrenaline) which binds onto adrenergic receptors (α and/or βs)

Question 25

Parasympathetic neurons: Pre-ganglionic releases____which acts at___ . Post-ganglionic releases___ which acts at___.

Answer 25

Pre-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Nicotinic receptors | Post-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Muscarinic receptors

Question 26

``` Parasympathetic Muscarinic receptors cause ___ vasodilation ___ HR ___ Contractility ___ GI Activity ___ Insulin glucagon secretion Erection ```

Answer 26

``` Increased vasodilation Decreased HR Decreased Contractility Increased GI Activity Increased Insulin glucagon secretion Erection ```

Question 27

Sympathetic neurons: Pre-ganglionic releases____which acts at___ . Post-ganglionic releases___ which acts at___.

Answer 27

Pre-ganglionic: ACh which acts at Nicotinic receptors | Post-ganglionic: Noradrenaline which acts at α and β receptors (sweat gland exception)

Question 28

Sympathetic α1 receptors cause Vasoconstriction ___ Liver glucose production

Answer 28

Vasoconstriction | Increased Liver glucose production

Question 29

Sympathetic α2 receptors cause Vasodilation Inhibitory Responses for GI ___ Insulin

Answer 29

Vasodilation Inhibitory Responses for GI Decreased Insulin

Question 30

Sympathetic β1 receptors cause ___ Renin Release (BP) ___ HR ___ Contractility

Answer 30

Increased Renin Release (BP) Increased HR Increased Contractility

Question 31

``` Sympathetic β2 receptors cause Bronchodilation Smooth muscle relaxation ___ Lipolysis ___ Liver glucose production ```

Answer 31

Bronchodilation Smooth muscle relaxation Increased Lipolysis Increased Liver glucose production

Question 32

Sympathetic β3 receptors cause ___ Glycogen breakdown ___ Lipolysis

Answer 32

Increased Glycogen breakdown | Increased Lipolysis

Question 33

HR, force of ventricular contraction, BP, and blood vessel diameter are controlled by____ reflexes

Answer 33

Autonomic reflexes

Question 34

Autonomic reflexes occur when nerve impulses pass through an ____ __ __

Answer 34

autonomic reflex arc

Question 35

Autonomic reflex arc is composed of

Answer 35

a receptor, a sensory neuron, an integrating centre, motor neurons and an effector

Question 36

Main integrating centre in brain for ANS reflexes is

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

Alzheimers causes the formation of ___ and ___

Answer 37

Plaques and tangles in neurons

Question 38

Plaques and tangles block communication between

Answer 38

brain cells

Question 39

Extracellularamorphous extracellular deposits of β-amyloid protein

Answer 39

Plaques

Question 40

Filaments of a phosphorylated form of | a microtubule-associated protein (Tau)

Answer 40

Tangles

Question 41

Cholinergic neuron

Answer 41

Neuron using ACh as neurotransmitter

Question 42

Cholinergic neurons control which functions:

Answer 42

cognitive, arousal, memory, motor control, learning

Question 43

Cholinergic neurons in periphery are involves with

Answer 43

voluntary control of movement and autonomic nervous system

Question 44

On stimulation, ACh is released into synaptic cleft via

Answer 44

Exocytosis

Question 45

``` Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) breaks down ```

Answer 45

broken down ACh to acetate and choline

Question 46

Used to treat Alzheimers- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 46

Inhibit the breakdown of ACh

Question 47

ALS affects both the ___ and ___ ___ ___

Answer 47

Affects both the upper and lower motor neurons