Week 5 - Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Training Flashcards
what hormones are involved in exercise response?
norepinephrine, epinephrine, growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone
what happens hormonal response when exercising?
increase
what effect does endurance training have on rate of muscle glycogen and blood glucose utilisation?
it decreases the rate of both
what happens GLUT-4 during exercise?
its translocation decreases
how does endurance training effect glycogen reserves in muscle and liver?
it increases them
what effect does endurance training have on the oxidation of lipids?
it increases the capacity of lipid oxidation
release of fatty acids
fat storage
glycogen sparing effect
lower RER values
name 3 key glycolytic enzymes
glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase
what effect does glycogen phosphorylase have on exercise?
breaks down glycogen quickly - energy source
what effect does phosphofructokinase have on exercise?
its activity increases, more ATP produced
what effect does LDH have on exercise?
endurance training reduces activity, decrease in lactate, increase in pyruvate
strength and sprint training has opposite effect, increase of LDH
what happens mitochondria with increased aerobic endurance training?
they increase in concentration
what metabolism is favoured in endurance trained people?
lipid
what metabolism is favoured in high intensity individuals? (not resistance training)
carbohydrate
what is maximal oxygen uptake?
VO2 max
what happens VO2max with training?
it increases
what happens excess post-exercise oxygen consumption with endurance training? EPOC
it decreases
what effect does endurance training have on lactate production?
decreases rate
why does endurance training decrease rate of lactate production?
less carbohydrate being used
LDH activity decreases, Pyruvae dehydrogenase activity increases
reduced neurohormonal response
what happens lactate clearance during endurance training?
increase
what occurs in relation to ATP and PCr concentration in muscle after anaerobic training?
it increases
how long does it take to reverse/ de-train
days to weeks
how does detraining influence metabolism?
increased reliant on carbohydrates
reduced GLUT-4 content
decreased glycogen storage
how does detraining effect enzyme activity?
reduction in oxidative enzyme activity
how does detraining affect oxygen utilisation?
VO2 max declines
how does detraining effect lactate accumulation?
lactate levels in blood increase
maximal lactate values decrease
