week 5 - malaria Flashcards
where is malaria endemic?
asia
africa
latin america
oceania
how many of the world population live in areas where malaria is transmitted?
41%
how many reported cases of malaria were there in 2010?
219 million
how many deaths were there due to malaria in 2010?
0.6-1.2 million of which 75% are kids in Africa
malaria is the ___ leading cause of death
fourth
what transmits malaria?
pregnant female mosquitoes
malaria is transmitted when the insect vector____
takes a blood meal
how many different species of mosquito can transmit malaria?
30-40 anopheles species
what do males feed on?
nectar - vegetarian
Which is the most common mosquito to transmit malaria?
anopheles gambiae
Malaria is associated with which habitat?
still water - where mosquitoes utilise the water for breeding
Malaria is caused by what?
Apicomplexa protozoan parasite - genus Plasmodium
apicomplexan parasites are characterised by their cell biology. What is the common feature that they are named after?
apicomplast
non photosynthetic plastid related to chloroplasts. Involved in synthesis pathways.
essentially an apicomplast is what?
a chloroplast that has lost the ability to photosynthesise
Apicomplexans as well as an apicomplast have another key feature?
inner membrane complex.
series of membranous structures that underlie the cell membrane and the purpose of these structures is that it protects the cell, givers the cell shape, allows the cell to effectively move and glide over other surfaces
Which part of the apicomplexan gives the apical end of the parasite its shape?
the apical complex
a series of secretory organelles that are important for cell invasion gliding processes
in humans how many different Plasmodium species can cause malaria?
4
what are the 4 different species that cause malaria?
P.falciparum
P.vivax
P.malariae
P.ovale
which is the most common Plasmodium species to cause malaria?
80% of people will be infected with P.vivax
which Plasmodium species is the most important clinically and why?
P.falciparum
15% of malaria infections but 90% of deaths.
causes severe complications in terms of pathology
what are the 3 stages of malaria?
onset
developmental
severe (only if infected with p.vivax)
After infection by mosquito how many days does it take for the parasites to appear in the blood?
6-18
what is the pre-patent time?
the time to complete liver stage, there are no symptoms with liver infection