Week 5 Lipodomics

Question 1

What is the omits cascade?

Answer 1

Characterisation and quantification of all molecules that define the structure and functioning of a cell or an organism

Question 2

Name 3 functions of lipids?

Answer 2

1. Membrane
2. Signalling molecules
3. Storage
4. Compartmentalisation of the cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the definition of a lipid?

Answer 3

They are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents

Question 4

What is the LIPID MAPS Lipodomics Gateway?

Answer 4

A classification system for lipids

Question 5

What are the three most common classifications of lipids?

Answer 5

1. Fatty Acyls
2. Glycerolipids
3. Glycerophospholipids

Question 6

What are the two sub classes of fatty acyls?

Answer 6

Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

Question 7

What is the total % of saturated straight chain fatty acids in natural lipids?

Answer 7

10-40%

Question 8

Why do saturated fatty acids increase the rigidity of membranes?

Answer 8

Because they have relatively high melting points and tend to be solid at room temperature

Question 9

What is the formula of this saturated fatty acid?

Answer 9

C16H32O2

Question 10

What do the lipids of higher organisms contain?

Answer 10

Mononsaturated and polyunsaturated acids

Question 11

What increases the melting points of lipids?

Answer 11

Increases with the number of double bonds

Question 12

Which Carbon is the double bond on?

Answer 12

7

Question 13

What are Glycerolipids mainly used for?

Answer 13

Energy storage

Question 14

Triacylglycerols are a subclass of Glycerolipids, what are they used for?

Answer 14

Highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy

Question 15

Sulfoquinovosly-diacyl-glycerols are a subclass of Glycerolipids, where are they found, and what do they contain that makes them unique?

Answer 15

They are localised in the thylakoid membrane in all photosynthetic plants, and they contain sulphur instead of phosphorous

Question 16

What are the most abundant lipids in all photosynthetic tissues?

Answer 16

MGDGs and DGDGs

Question 17

How does temperature stress affect biological membranes?

Answer 17

Impacts the fluidity of the membranes

Question 18

What are the two functions of Glycerophospholipids that are ubiquitous in nature?

Answer 18

1. Key components of the lipids belayer of cells

2. Involved in metabolism and signalling

Question 19

What are the two steps of lipid analysis?

Answer 19

1. Extraction

2. Separation and detection

Question 20

What are the three steps in lipid analysis?

Answer 20

1. Homogenisation
2. Lipid extraction in the organic phase
3. Dry under N2

Question 21

What are two ways you can separate and detect lipids?

Answer 21

1. Chromatography

2. Mass Spectrometry

Question 22

What are the five steps of Tandem mass spectrometry?

Answer 22

1. Ionisation
2. Ions are filtered m/z
3. Collision induced decomposition
4. Mass analysis
5. Signal amplification and detection

Question 23

What is this an example of?

Answer 23

Tandem mass spectrometry

Question 24

What are the five steps in lipid analysis?

Answer 24

1. Extract
2. HPLC
3. Tandem mass spectrometry
4. Data processing
5. Identification of lipids

Question 25

Why do you need to do HPLC before mass spectrometry?

Answer 25

To separate lipids components

Question 26

How do lipids affects corals?

Answer 26

Some heat tolerant symbionts in Clade D have different lipid composition of the membranes both under control conditions and after exposure to high temperatures