week 5: immigration and integration policies Flashcards
According to castles et al, what are the four areas of policy
- border control
- legal entry and stay
- integration policies egg, language availability classes
- exit policies e.g. bonuses
According to Castles et al, what are the four elements of the migration policy toolbox
surveillance
legal entry
residency options (integration opportunities and expectations
exit policies
what are the three gaps of policies that castles et al refers to
efficacy
implementation
discursive
what are the four levels of rhetoric and practice according to castles et al
policy discourse, official policy, policy carried out, outcomes
What is the liberal paradox according to Castles et al? Solve the riddle
why do politician promise tight policies but actually create nuances looser ones (that are targeted more at ind groups)?
Describe the Neo-marxist approach to migration policies
policies produce class struggle –> businesses need cheap labour, undocumented easy to exploit. Imm policies produce undocumented workers so policies work in favour of businesses and disfavour trade unions (who work in interest of natives)
divide and rule: between natives and foregeiners, out at competition so they don’t realise that they are both fighting for stable work and good conditions
describe the client politics perspective (castles et al)
gap in ideal beliefs between elite and general public
minority (pol elite) have disproportionate influence over policies
policies influence them, not gen public (e.g. policies that allow for cheap labour when he public is complaining about migration labours)
Describe the embedded legal constraints perspective of migration policies (castles et al). explain the paradox of refugee convention form that perspective
liberal democracies stop governments from putting in place harsh policies.
need of loose mig policies because of trade and investment
paradox: grow can we maintain openness whilst also protecting sovereignty?
refugee convention increased rights of asylum seekers and refugees, which made countries want less migration (didn’t want responsibility)
describe the external legal constraints perspective
post ww2 –> push to collaborate on immigration policies
multi layers and bilateral treaties and policies homogenised treatment of migrants e.g. family reunification. Countries couldn’t pull out of these treaties if they are assigned to the overarching groups that decide
–> this meant countries implemented their own policies target at more specific groups (policies didn’t increase but became more complex)
liberal migration policies in autocratic states suggest that policies are a result of a liberal economy rather than due to presence of democracy
Describe the enforcement challenge (castle’s et al)
implementation challenge as a result of:
financial/moral pressure
individual actors on day to basis e.g. border guards
Explain Koopmans two theoretical dimensions when looking at policies
individual rights
cultural rights based on race/religion etc
What does supranational mean according to Koopman
decline in citizenship based on nationality
increase in global human rights
denationalising processes mean that there is wider access to labour markets
Why is Koopman’s ‘national’ approach to migration policies
same ideas different labels (reproducing same hierarchies)
does still want to increase rights of immigrants (but under white control)
What is the paradox of democratic legitimacy according to Koopman’s et al?
think of albania essay!
more democracy means looser policies –> less nationalism, homogenisation of rights
then the state looses control and legitimacy
What is Esping Anderson’s welfare typology (Sainsbury et al)
4 dimensions to consider when looking at migration policies and civil rights:
1. variations of decommodificatios e.g. how easily can you have a good life without participating in labour economy
2. stratifying effects of social policies
3. relations between the state with markets, families and social provisions
dynamic between the welfare state and structure of employment
by analysisng these elements, Anderson reaches 3 types of policy Govs: conservative, liberal and social democrats
