Week 5- DCD Flashcards
How do children learn motor skills
-Action
-Movements
-Neuro-motor processes
-Genes
Coordination of movement
The process of mastering redundant degrees of freedom of the moving organism into a controllable system
4 processes of attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention
Selected attention
Alertness
DCD criteria according to DSM5
- Acquisition and execution of motor skills is below expected for their age
- Motor skills deficit interfere with ADL for their age and leisure time/academia
- Onset of symptoms in childhood
- Motor deficits are not better accounted for by other conditions
What causes DCD
Internal modeling deficit (IMD) hypothesis
-Reduced ability to use predictive motor control caused by lack of a good forward model
-Predictive motor control is needed to anticipate the end state of a movement
Cerebellum in DCD
-Implicit motor learning seems to dysfunction
-Did not show an improvement in motor accuracy following 3 days of skilled practice
-Compared to TD peers, DCD group demonstrated under-activation in cerebellar-parietal and cerebellar-prefrontal networks and regions associated with visual-spatial learning
Parietal cortex and DCD
pROCESSES SENSORIMOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS
Build internal models
Motor learning
Basal ganglia and DCD
Sequence learning
Force control
Neuromotor task training
Task oriented approach
Principles of task analysis:
-WHAT to do (goal)
-WHERE to do it (context)
-WHEN to do it (timing)
-How precise (success)
-HOW long/often
Damage to sense organs
Vision, hearing and touch have contralateral projections
Smell has ipsilateral projections
Ratio of DCD in males and females
Male to female
Between 2:1and 7:1
Achromatopsia
Rare disorder in which colour is not recognised
Aguesia
Loss of sense of taste
Anosmia
Impaired sense of smell
Asterognosia
Inability to recognize an object on the basis of its three dimensionality
Autotopagnosia
Inability to identify parts of ones body
Barognosia
Inability to estimate weight when objects are placed in affected hand
Graphestheia
Difficulty recognising shapes or letters written on the hand
Hypesthesia
Diminished capacity for physical sensation
Kinesthesia
Conscious awareness of joint position and body movement in space
Pallinopsia
Visual perseveration of a stimulus no longer present
Parosmia
Abnormal sense of smell
Apraxia
Inability to plan and execute a learned voluntary movement smoothly
Asterixis
Motor disturbance characterised by a sporadic limb contraction followed by a slower return to extension
