Week 5 - Chronic Renal Failure & Exercise Flashcards
What causes renal failure?
Damage to the glomerulus and/or tubules causing a back pressure in proximal tubule and diminishing the filtration pressure of the glomerulus. This results in lowered urine output and increased waste products in blood.
What are the 6 types of kidney diseases?
- Kidney stones (hard crystals that form inside kidneys)
- Kidney infection (urinary tract infections that affect kidneys)
- Kidney cancer (rare)
- Polycystic KD (inherited condition causing cysts in kidneys)
- Diabetic KD (damage caused by diabetes)
- Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomeruli)
Which two kidney diseases are preventable?
Diabetic KD and Glomerulonephritis
Which two conditions account 62% (almost 2/3) of incidence of chronic RF?
Hypertension and Diabetes
How do we assess the severity of RF?
By measuring or estimating GFR (glomerulus filtration rate)
GFR is typically referenced to a standard body surface area of:
1.73m2
How is creatinine derived from?
Creatine phosphate or creatine inside cells
Why is there a 10-20% overestimation of creatine clearance to GFR?
Due to secretion of creatinine directly into renal filtrate by peritubular capillaries
What is creatinine?
A chemical waste molecule generated from muscle metabolism
How is creatinine usually disposed of?
It is transported to kidneys via bloodstream for filtration and disposed of in urine
A decline in what implies progression of KD
decrease in GFR
As GFR ____ with worsening ___ ___ the serum _____ increases
declines - renal failure - creatinine
When is Cystatin C degraded?
After Tubular Reabsorption
Is production or release of Cystatin C influenced by muscle mass or inflammation?
No - which makes it a good molecule to estimate GFR
What are risk factors for KD?
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Family History
- Older Age
- Ethnic Group
How many stages of KD are there?
5
Kidney damage with normal kidney function = GFR of
90 or above
Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function = GFR of
60 - 89 mL/min/1.73m2
Mild to moderate loss of kidney function = GFR of
44 to 59 mL/min/1.73m2
Moderate to severe loss of kidney function = GFR of
30 to 44 ml/min/1.73m2
Severe loss of kidney function = GFR of
15 to 29 ml/min/1.73m2
Kidney failure = GFR of
Less than 15 ml/min/1.73m2
Haemodialysis is c____, e_____ with each session lasting ___ hours and is required ___ times each week.
complex - expensive - 4 hours - 3x a week
What is a fistula?
Connection made between artery and vein
In CKD, the kidneys are less able to:
- remove wastes from body
- balance body’s fluid
- regulate blood pressure
- produce RBC
- maintain healthy bones
CKD is a condition that ____ risk of heart disease
increase
When the kidneys don’t ____ properly, the ___ has to work harder to ____ blood, leading to ___ ___ __ and ____ disease.
function - heart - circulate - high blood pressure - heart
Exercise helps people with KD by improving ____ fitness, health-related ____ _ __ and counteracts _____.
aerobic - quality of life - sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass)
What type of exercise is recommended for people with KD?
Combination of: aerobic (endurance), resistance (strength) and flexibility (stretching) exercises - 30 minutes per day 5-7 days per week.
