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Parasitology > Week 5: Cestodes > Flashcards

Week 5: Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Which tapeworm life cycle stage is infective for the intermediate host?

A

Eggs

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2
Q

What are the parts of an adult tapeworm?

A

:)

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3
Q

What are the parts of a tapeworm egg?

A

:P

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4
Q

What kind of tapeworm stages can you use for stool samples?

A
  • Proglottids
  • Whole tapeworms
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5
Q

Which tapeworm stage can you use for concentration in the lab?

A

Eggs

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6
Q

What are the two Taenia species and what are their primary non-human hosts?

A
  • Taenia saginata: beef
  • Taenia solium: pork
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7
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Taenia species. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A

Infective stage: Embryonated eggs ingested by human host

Diagnostic stage: Adults in small intestine

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8
Q

Describe Taenia species’ eggs

A
  • Round
  • 30-43 microns
  • thick cell wall with radial striations
  • inside of embryonated egg 6-hooked oncosphere (refer to image)
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9
Q

Which Taenia parts are found in the feces?

A
  • eggs
  • scolex
  • proglottids (segmented part)
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10
Q

What is the scolex?

A

It’s the head of the tapeworm

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11
Q

Since can’t look at eggs to differentiate between Taenia species, what do you look at instead?

A

Uterine branches of gravid proglottids. Solium has fewer branches while saginata has more branches

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12
Q

Identify the genital pores of the proglottid and the Taenia species

A
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13
Q

How do you distinguish between the scolex of Taenia solium and saginata?

A

T. solium has rostellum with a double row of hooklets. But both have 4 suckers

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14
Q

Which human disease is Taenia solium associated with? Signs/symptoms caused by what?

A

Cystercosis

Cysticerous stage disseminated throughout body causes muscle, brain, eye, and CNS symptoms

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15
Q

What are the 2 Hymenolepsis spp?

A
  • nana dwarf tapeworm
  • diminuta rat tapeworm
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16
Q

Describe the Hymenolepsis nana life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective: embryonated egg ingested by humans in contaminated food, water, or hands. Also embryonated egg in feces is infectious
  • Diagnostic: Embryonated egg in feces
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17
Q

Describe Hymenolepsis nana eggs

A
  • Oval shaped
  • 30-50 microns
  • Inner membrane with polar filaments
  • Oncosphere has 6 hooks
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18
Q

Describe the Hymenolepsis diminuta life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Cysticerci in body cavity of insect ingested by rodent or human
  • Diagnostic stage: Eggs passed in feces
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19
Q

Describe Hymenolepsis diminuta eggs

A
  • Size = 70-85 microns
    -Round or slightly oval
  • Striated outer membrane
  • Thin inner membrane
  • Zero polar filaments
  • Oncosphere has 6 hooks
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20
Q

Describe the fish tapeworm aka Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Human ingests raw or undercooked, infected fish
  • Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
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21
Q

Where is Diphyllobothrium latum found?

A

Found worldwide where pickled or raw freshwater fish is eaten

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22
Q

Describe the Diphyllobothrium latum egg

A
  • Unembryonated
  • Operculated (refers to the end of the egg having a lid- or cap-like cover)
  • Bile stained
  • Size= 58-76 by 40-50 microns
  • Knoblike structure on the end opposite the operculum
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23
Q

Which stages of Diphyllobothrium latum are ID’d for lab diagnosis?

A
  • scolex
  • proglottid
  • egg
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24
Q

Does pickling readily kill Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

No. Does not readily destroy eggs. Cooking does kill the eggs

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25
Q

What is the animal host of Echinococcus granulosis?

A

Dogs

Sorry, Scooby Doo

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26
Q

Describe the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosis? Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Embryonated egg in feces
  • Diagnostic stage: Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, brain, bone, heart
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27
Q

Which disease is Echinococcus granulosis? associated with?

A

Hydatid cyst disease

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28
Q

What does the Echinococcus granulosis larval stage produce? Describe

A

Hydatid cysts

Contain fluid, brood capsules, and daughter cysts in which the scolices (plural of scolex) of potential tapeworms are formed. Material inside called hydatid sand

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29
Q

What determines hydatid cyst size

A

The organ it grows in. It’ll just keep growing until it can’t anymore

30
Q

What are two types of flukes/trematodes (in reference to their reproductive aspect). Where do they live?

A
  1. Hermaphroditic adults: live in intestine, lungs, and liver
  2. Unisexual adults: live within blood vessels (aka blood flukes)
31
Q

What is the genus of the blood flukes?

A

Schistosoma

32
Q

Describe the general trematode life cycle

A

Ain’t no way I’m typing all this :)

33
Q

Describe the Paragonimus westermani life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: humans ingest inadequately cooked or pickled crustaceans containing metacercariae (cysts)
  • Diagnostic stage: unembryonated eggs in stool or sputum (cuz they’re lung flukes). Harder to find in stool though. Better chance finding them in the lungs
34
Q

Describe the Paragonimus westermani egg

A
  • Size: 80-118 microns by 48-60 microns
  • oval, flattend operculum
  • slight shoulders
  • unembryonated
  • Thickened area opposite the operculum
35
Q

Describe the Fasciolopsis buski life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Metacercariae on water plant ingested by humans or pigs, causing infection
  • Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated eggs passed in feces.
36
Q

What is the size of Fasciolopsis buski adults?

A

3-7 microns

37
Q

Describe Fasciolopsis buski eggs

A
  • Size = 130-140 by 80-85 microns
  • Bile stained
  • Inconspicuous operculum
  • Unembryonated
  • **Identical to Fasciola hepatica so report as Fasciola/Fasciolopsis **
38
Q

Describe the Fasciola hepatica life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle
  • Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated egg passed in feces
39
Q

Describe Fasciola hepatica eggs

A
  • Size= 130-150 microns by 60-90 microns
  • Unembryonated
  • Inconspicuous operculum
  • Identical to Fasciolopsis buski
40
Q

Describe the Clonorchis sinensis life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Metacercariae in flesh or skin of fresh water fish are ingested by human host
  • Diagnostic stage: Embryonated eggs passed in feces
41
Q

Size of Clonorchis sinensis adults?

A

6-17 mm

42
Q

Describe the Clonorchis sinensis egg

A
  • Size - 29-35 microns
  • Embryonated
  • Flask shaped
  • Operculated with prominent shoulders (Darrell underlined this part in the slides(
  • Knob at the end opposite the operculum
43
Q

Describe the Metagonimus yokogawai and Heterophyes heterophyes life cycles. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae
  • Diagnostic stage: Embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed miracidium are passed in the feces
44
Q

Describe the Metagonimus yokogawai and Heterophyes heterophyes eggs (same features)

A
  • Size - 28-39 microns
  • Embryonated
  • Operculated with inconspicuous shoulders (Darrell underlined in slides)
  • Vase or flask shaped
  • Resemble Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis species
45
Q

True or false: Schistosoma eggs are operculated

A

False

46
Q

What is the ONE intermediate blood fluke host?

A

The snail

47
Q

How do blood flukes infect humans?

A

Cercarial penetration of skin

48
Q

Describe the Schistosoma life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: cCercariae released by snail into water and free-swimming penetrate human skin
  • Diagnostic stage: Passed in feces (mansoni, japonicum, and haematobium) or urine (japonicum or haematobium)
49
Q

Where do S. mansoni, japonicum, and haematobium mainly live in the human host?

A
  • mansoni: veins of the large intestine
  • japonicum: veins of the small intestine
  • haematobium: veins of the bladder
50
Q

Describe Schistosoma mansoni eggs

A
  • Size = 115-175 by 45-75 microns
  • Prominent lateral spine
51
Q

How do you diagnose S. mansoni in the lab?

A

Fin embryonated eggs in the feces

52
Q

Describe Schistosoma japonicum egg

A
  • Size = 60-95 by 40-60 microns
  • Small, curved spine that can be difficult to see
53
Q

Describe Schistosoma haematobium eggs

A
  • Size: 110-170 microns by 40-70 microns
  • Terminal spine
54
Q

Practice. Identify the parasite

A

Taenia spp. egg

55
Q

ID the parasite

A

Taenia solium proglottid

56
Q

ID the parasite

A

Taenia saginata proglottid

57
Q

ID the parasite

A

Hymenolepsis nana egg

58
Q

ID the parasite

A

Hymenolepsis diminuta egg

59
Q

ID the parasite

A

Diphyllobothrium latum egg

60
Q

ID the parasite

A

Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst

61
Q

ID the parasite

A

Paragonimus westermani egg

62
Q

ID the parasite

A

Fasciolopsis buski egg

63
Q

ID the parasite

A

Fasciola hepatica egg

64
Q

ID the parasite

A

Clonorchis sinensis egg

65
Q

ID the parasite

A

Clonorchis sinensis adult

66
Q

ID the parasite

A

Metagonimus yokogawai adult fluke

67
Q

ID the parasite

A

Metagonimus yokogawai egg

68
Q

ID the parasite

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

69
Q

ID the parasite

A

Schistosoma mansoni egg

70
Q

ID the parasite

A

Schistosoma japonicum egg

71
Q

ID the parasite

A

Schistosoma haematobium egg

Parasitology (5 decks)

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