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Special Needs > Week 5: Autism Spectrum Disorder > Flashcards

Week 5: Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Define ASD

A

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is described as a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life.

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2
Q

Are there causes of ASD?

A

The underlying cause of Autism is unknown.

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3
Q

What impairments do people with ASD usually have?

A
  • social interaction
  • communication
  • sensory sensitivity
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4
Q

List some social interaction cues that a person with ASD may lack

A
  • Touching
  • Closeness
  • Eye contact
  • Joint attention
  • Rigid frame
  • Repetitive language
  • Lack of response to direct questions
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5
Q

List some communication cues that a person with ASD may lack

A
  • Not answering when spoken to directly
  • Seeming not to hear
  • Repetitive motion/mannerisms
  • Inability to communicate a response
  • Topic not same as partners
  • Unable to verbally communicate
    feelings/desires
  • Non-verbal
  • Pictorial representations may be necessary.
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6
Q

List some sensory sensitivities a person with ASD may have

A
  • Rocking back and forth
  • Routine
  • Rituals
  • Repetitive
  • Touching/feeling
  • Can’t touch particular materials
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7
Q

Define a sensory diet and provide the five components.

A

A list of sensory activities that helps to keep a child feeling ‘calm’ and sensorily organised that then allows them to attend, learn and behave to the best of their ability.
- Physical
- Tactile
- Visual
- Oral
- Auditory

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8
Q

Provide an example(s) of physical sensory activities

A
  • Trampolining
  • Deep pressure
  • Squishing with pillows, balls etc.
  • Playing with weighted items
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9
Q

Provide an example(s) of tactile sensory activities

A
  • Play with play-doh
  • slime
  • Kinetic sand
  • Shaving cream
  • Bird seed/rice
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10
Q

Provide an example(s) of visual sensory activities

A
  • Using torches to look at books
  • Using dot-to-dots
  • Mazes
  • Colouring
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11
Q

Provide an example(s) of oral sensory activities

A

Chew toys or chewy foods

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12
Q

Provide an example(s) of auditory sensory activities

A
  • White noise
  • Noise reduction headphones
  • nursery rhymes
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13
Q

Provide examples of effective communication with a person with ASD.

A
  • Communicative intent
  • Direct Instruction (DI)
  • Sign (Key Word Sign)
  • Augmentative and Alternative Communication
  • Picture Exchange Communication System/s (PECS)
  • Concrete (literal), no sarcasm or metaphors
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14
Q

Describe the Ziggurat model

A

The Ziggurat Model is a framework designed to meet underlying needs while capitalising on strengths. Each level of the pyramid represents an area of intervention that must be included in order for treatment to be effective.

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15
Q

What are the 5 Ziggurat model steps in order from lowest to highest

A
  1. sensory differences and biological needs
  2. reinforcement
  3. structure & visual/tactile support
  4. task demands & positive environment
  5. skills to teach
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16
Q

What are the 10 steps to a Successful Classroom?

A
  1. Use concrete language.
  2. Be careful with metaphors, irony and sarcasm.
  3. Use visual supports for communication whenever possible.
  4. Allow extra processing time.
  5. Don’t demand eye contact.
  6. Be rewarding.
  7. Remember the “big picture.”
  8. Use a team approach.
  9. Don’t take it personally.
  10. Be aware of the sensory environment.
17
Q

What do people with ASD often have?

A
  • Difficulty with communication and interaction with other people.
  • Restricted interests and repetitive behaviours.
  • Symptoms that affect their ability to function in school, work, and other areas of life.
18
Q

What are social stories?

A

Simple age-appropriate narratives supplemented by simple illustrations and personalised to meet the needs of the child behavioural needs.

19
Q

Does a person with ASD show all the difficulties and deficits?

A

NO

20
Q

What are some teaching strategies to use with students with ASD?

A
  • Appropriate behaviour to replace problem behaviour (ABA)
  • Sensory environment
  • Discrete trial training
  • Functional communication
  • Appropriate social skills
  • Interactional skills
  • Cognitive (thinking) skills that have high utility
  • Functional academic skills

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