Week 5: Atrial Flagellates Flashcards
Atrial Flagellates also known as __________
Subphylum Mastigophora
Atrial Flagellates:
Generally, have one to several long flagella in trophozoite form (except __________: pseudopodia)
Some species have rudimentary mouth called __________
Neuromotor apparatus consists of kinetoplast and axoneme
Reproduction is through __________.
G. lamblia and C. mesnili have cyst and troph forms, the others exist in trophozoite stage only.
D. fragilis, cytostome, binary fission
- Giardia duodenalis (formely G. lamblia)
- Trichomonas vaginalis
PATHOGENIC
- Chilomastix mesnili
- Trichomonas hominis
- Trichomonas tenax
- Enteromonas hominis
- Retortamonas intestinalis
NON-PATHOGENIC
Also known as:
* Giardia intestinalis
* Giardia duodenalis
* Lamblia duodenalis
* Lamblia intestinalis
Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia:
First discovered by __________
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
Giardia lamblia:
First described by French scientist __________ and Czechoslovakian scientist __________ :Cercomonas intestinalis
Dr. F. Lambl
Dr. Giard
__________coined Giardia lamblia
Stiles
Size range of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
__________ um long
__________ um wide
8-10
5-16
Shape of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
Pear-shaped, teardrop
Motility of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
Falling-leaf
Appearance of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
Bilaterally symmetrical
Nuclei of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* __________
* each a large karyosome
* No peripheral chromatin
Two ovoid-shaped
Flagella of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* __________ pairs, origination of each:
* _____ pair, anterior end
* _____ pair, posterior end
* _____ pair, central, extending laterally
Four
one
one
two
Other structure of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* _____ median bodies
* _____ axonemes
* Sucking disk
two
two
Size range of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
__________ um long
__________ um wide
8-17
6-10
Shape of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
Ovoid
Nuclei of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
* __________ cyst
* __________ mature cyst
* __________ Central karyosomes
* No peripheral chromatin
Immature
two
four
Cytoplasm of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
__________ from cell wall
Retracted
Other structure of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
Median bodies: __________ in
immature cyst or __________ interior flagellar structures
two, four
Diagnosis for Giardia lamblia:
Stool examination:
* flatus smell like rotten eggs: __________
* Formed stool: __________
* Liquid, soft stool: __________
- Duodenal aspirate
- Biopsy
- Enterotest™
- Direct Fluorescence
- EIA and ELISA
- Western Blot
- R-T PCR
hydrogen sulfide
cyst
trophozoites
Epidemiology of Giardia lamblia:
Found world-wide in __________, __________, and other water sources.
lakes, streams
Clinical symptoms of Giardia lamblia:
Considered to be a __________.
This organism is now considered to be the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellates:
*__________ Carrier State
*__________ (Traveler’s Diarrhea / Gay bowel syndrome)
- villous flattening and crypt hypertrophy
- decreased electrolyte, glucose, fluid absorption.
- Deficiencies in disaccharidases
non-pathogen
Asymptomatic
Giardiasis
Treatment for Giardia lamblia:
*
*
*
- Metronidazole
- Tinidazole
- Nitazoxanide
Prevention and control of Giardia lamblia:
- Proper water treatment and control
- Exercising good personal hygiene
- Proper cleaning and cooking of food
- Avoidance of unprotected anal and oral sex
Size range of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
__________ um long
5-14
Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
ovoid, round or pear-shaped
Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
Rapid, jerky
Nuclei of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
One, ovoid, nondescript
Flagella of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
* all originating __________
* _____ extending anteriorly
* _____extending posteriorly
anteriorly
3-5
one
Other structure of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?
* undulating membrane extending __________of body length
* prominent axostyle that often curves around nucleus
* granules maybe seen along axostyle
half
Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis:
Examination of saline wet prep:
*__________ smear
*Urinalysis
- Culture: InPouch TV (3 days)
- Molecular techniques: Affirm VPIII (DNA)
- Fluorescent stains
- monoclonal antibody assays, enzyme immunoassays,
Papanicolaou
Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis:
- Infection with T. vaginalis occur worldwide.
- __________ is the primary mode of transmission
- Known to be transferred via contaminated __________ or __________.
- Sexual intercourse
- toilet articles, underclothing
Specimens for identification of Trichomonas vaginalis:
__________ (SOC)
* vaginal secretions
* scrappings
* cervical swabs
* prostatic secretions
urine
Clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis:
- Asymptomatic Carrier state - most frequently in __________
- Persistent Urethritis
- Persistent Vaginitis
-__________ cervix - Infant infection: conjunctivitis, respiratory infection
men
strawberry
Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis:
- __________: DOC
- Treatment of __________ is recommended
- Metronidazole
- sexual partners
Prevention and Control of Trichomonas vaginalis:
- Practice safe, monogamous sex and good personal hygiene
- Prompt treatment of cases and asymptomatic male patients
- Public education
