Week 5 - Association Flashcards
Practical Significance or … Size
Effect Size
Statistical Inference is making…
Making conclusions abt population using sample
Sampling error is ..
Diff between sample estimate and true value of population
2 ways to make population inferences
Estimates (Point/Interval) and Hypothesis testing (p-value)
5 steps for hypothesis testing
Null, Alternate, Alpha, SuitableTest, Interpret
2 hypothesis
Null, Alternate
Null hypothesis is difference or no difference ?
No Difference, No association or No correlation
P-value stands for
Probability value
P-value is
Probability of observed results being due to ‘Chance’ alone
P-value cutoff
0.05 (5%)
Correlation is for … variables
Continuous
Association is for … variables
Categorical
SPSS call Continuous variable …
Scale
2 variables type in correlation/association
Independent and Dependent
X-variable is also called …
Exposure, Independent var, explanatory var
Y-variable is also called ..
Outcome, dependent var
Descriptive stats for categorical data uses .. charts
Bar charts, Pie charts, frequency/count
Cross-tabulation is also known as
Frequency table, Contingency table
What to compare in cross-tabulation
observed vs expected frequency/percentage
Ho is … association
no association
H1 is … association
there is an association
What test to use for association
Chi-Square test of contingencies
Non-parametric test does not require data to have … distribution
does not require data to have normal distribution
Steps of chi-square test
Hypothesis, select sample, collect data, test statistic, do chi-square test, p-value, evaluate against null hypothesis
