Week 5 - Altered LOC & Multisystem Flashcards
what is the most common type of stroke?
ischemic
what is the most common type of stroke?
ischemic
what are 3 compartments that impact ICP?
- brain
- blood
- CSF
if ICP is increased how can it affect the brain/ what can it cause?
- meningitis
- tumor
- inflammation
- trauma
- glioma
- surgery
- abcess
- TBI
- encephalitis
if ICP is increased how can it affect the CSF/ what can it cause?
- meningitis
- infection
- hydrocephalus
- choroid plexus tumor
what does meningitis affect?
proper drainage
describe a choroid plexus tumor
tumor in ventricles of brain that affect CSF
if ICP is increased how can it affect the blood/ what can it cause?
- hemorrhagic stroke
- increased CO2
- HTN
- aneurysm
describe a hemorrhagic stroke
- weakened/ diseased blood vessels rupture
- blood leaks into brain tissue
describe an ischemic stroke
- blood clots stop flow of blood to an area of the brain
what are indications of a head wound?
- scalp wound
- fracture
- swelling
- bruising
- loss of consciousness
- nasal discharge
- stiff neck
explain the process of ICP
- SNS activation do to decreased perfusion
- brain stem pressure
- baroreceptors activated
- PNS activation
- death
what does CPP stand for?
cerebral perfusion pressure
explain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
- cerebral blood flow decreases
- leads to cerebral ischemia
- pressure then put on vasculature
- once pressure stronger than MAP artery compressed
what are early warning signs of ICP?
- papilledema
- headache
- N/V
- blurred vision
- restlessness
- irritability
- confusion
what is papilledema?
swelling of both optic discs in eyes
how do you assess for papilledema?
- MRI
- CT
if someone has ICP what can make their headaches worse?
- cough
- sneezing
- exertion
what are late signs of increased ICP?
- pupil dilation
- hemiplegia
- impaired oculophalic movements
- increased motor tone
- flexion or extension to pain
- reps containing sighs, deep yawns or pauses
- Cushing’s triad
- decreased GCS
what is the Cushing’s triad reflex?
nervous system response
once ICP is increased what are the different stages of Cushing’s triad ?
stage 1
- SNS
- HTN (widening pulse pressure)
- tachycardia
stage 2
- PNS (due to HTN)
- bradycardia
Stage 3
- HTN and increased ICP makes pressure on ponds and irregular resps
describe a 6th cranial nerve palsy
- hearing loss
- facial weakness
- decreased facial sensation
- droopy eyelid
- fever
- headache
- N/V
what are some signs and symptoms of a sub arrachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?
- worst headache EVER
- N/V
- change in LOC
- nuchal rigidity
- photophobia
what is nuchal rigidity?
stiff neck