Week 5- Aerobic GPR, Aerobic GN diplococci, Genital Infections

Question 1

What are the most common GPR?

Answer 1

Bacillus sp, Corynebacterium sp, Listeria sp.

Question 2

Describe Bacillus sp?

Answer 2

large, gram-positive rods that can produce spores. spores are resistant, spores formed when organism is stressed.

Question 3

Which is the only aerobic gpr that can form spores?

Answer 3

bacillus sp.

Question 4

where is bacillus sp. located?

Answer 4

everywhere in environment because of spores. even soil. they usually DO NOT cause disease, and are often seen as contaminants in wound cultures.

Question 5

What are the two primary pathogens for Bacillus sp.?

Answer 5

Bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis

Question 6

What is the clinical signficance of bacillus cereus

Answer 6

food poisoning, ocular infections, drug abusers and immunosuppresed. Diagnose with a culture

Question 7

What are the three forms of anthrax?

Answer 7

cutaneous, GI, inhalation (most common, and biological weapon)

Question 8

How will someone with anthrax present?

Answer 8

ulcers devleop, painful lymphadenopathy, and massive edema.

Question 9

How do you diagnose anthrax?

Answer 9

culture, grown within 18-24 hours

Question 10

What should you do if you suspect anthrax?

Answer 10

need to alert lab immediately!!

Question 11

what are the different ways you could treat anthrax?

Answer 11

ciprofloxacin. if GI/inhaled: cipro with clinda and rifampin. Once culture, if “s” to PCN, then PCN.

Question 12

Cornyebacterium sp. is normal flora…

Answer 12

in the skin and mucous membranes

Question 13

What is coryne’s sp. gram stain?

Answer 13

club-shaped organisms, arranged like chinese letters. “palisading”.

Question 14

Where is diptheria found?

Answer 14

respiratory (exudative) and cutaneous (which will look gray and wont heal)

Question 15

How do you diagnose diptheria? How do you confirm it?

Answer 15

gram stain from a throat culture. culture must be specifically ordered. It is confirmed by proving organism produces exotoxin

Question 16

How can you prevent yourself from diptheria?

Answer 16

theres is a vaccine. (5 doses)

Question 17

What is the treatment for diphtheria?

Answer 17

antitoxin, neutral exotoxin, PCN or erythromycin. susceptibility not performed.

Question 18

C. jeikeium is an opportunisitc pathogen in…

Answer 18

immunocomprimised. Can also produce septicemia related to intravascular catheters

Question 19

How do you tx C. jeikeium?

Answer 19

vancomycin or vanco and aminoglycoside

Question 20

Listeria monocytogenes: clinical signficance?

Answer 20

can cause stillbirth in pregnant women, seen in neonates, elderly, alcoholics, and immunosuppresed.

Question 21

Where does L.monocytogenes usually come from?

Answer 21

contaminated food source

Question 22

What is the treatment for Listeria?

Answer 22

gentamicin with PCN/ampcillin

Question 23

What are the most common GN diplococci?

Answer 23

Neisseria sp. and Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 24

Normal flora for Neisseria sp?

Answer 24

skin and mucous membranes

Question 25

What are the most common pathogens for Neisseria sp?

Answer 25

N. gonnorhoea and N. meningitidis

Question 26

N. Gonorrhea: is always considered...?

Answer 26

a pathogen! humans are the only reservoir!

Question 27

What is N. gonorrheas clinical signifcance?

Answer 27

spread by sexual contact, purulent discharge, #1 cause of joint infections, septecemia, ophthalmia neonatorum.

Question 28

N gonorreha: Who is the gram stain diagnostic for

Answer 28

MALES ONLY!!!

Question 29

What is the primary method lab diagnosis of N. gonorrhea.

Answer 29

nucleic acid testing.

Question 30

What do you need to consider for a culture of N. gonorrhea?

Answer 30

Use for rectal and throat. it doesnt live long, so you must transport quickly! inoculate containers specifically designed for GC cultures

Question 31

What is the treatment for N. gonorrhea?

Answer 31

ceftriaxone + azithro or doxy

Question 32

N. meningitis: clinical signficance?

Answer 32

meningitis and meningoccemia, also seen in respiratory disease

Question 33

Do you need to do a susceptibility?

Answer 33

No! organism is treatable by PCN. Vaccine is available.

Question 34

What is Moraxella cat. clinical signifcance?

Answer 34

pulmonary and sinus infections, otitis media

Question 35

Moraxella cat: diagnositc testing

Answer 35

culture, SUSCEPTIBILITES NOT PERFORMED. Organism is resisntant to PCN

Question 36

Moraxella cat: drug of choice:

Answer 36

PCN w/beta-lacatamase inhibitor, cephalosporin.

Question 37

Genital cultures: direct speciman tests

Answer 37

Thayer-Martin (specimen should be inoculated at bedside. The test results will be a culture), wet prep, Tzanck smear (herpes simplex), NAT.

Question 38

genital cultures: screen or comp?

Answer 38

screen

Question 39

genital cultures: common pathogens

Answer 39

N. gonorrhea, chlamyida, trich, herpes, gardenerlla vaginalis, trepenoma pallidum.