week 5 Flashcards
Six Types of Construction Drawings`
PASMCES plumbing architectural structural mechanical civil engineering sometimes fire protection
explain cival
Used for work that has to do with construction in or on the earth.
AKA: Site plans, survey plans, or plot plans
Show the location of the building on the site from an aerial view.
Shows natural contours of the earth.
THIS IS WHERE IT ALL STARTS! IF THE SITE IS NOT ACCEPTABLE, THERE IS NO REASON TO CONTINUE
explain architectural plans
Show the design of the project
One part is the floor plan.
Any drawing made looking down on an object is commonly called a plan view.
Floor plan is an aerial view of the layout of each room.
Provides the most information about the project.
Roof Plan
View of the roof from above.
Shows the shape of the roof
Elevation drawings are side views.
Show height
Section drawings-show how the structure is to be built
Cross-sectional views that show the inside of an object or building
Show the construction materials to use and how the parts of the building fit together.
Detail drawings-enlarged view of some special features.
explain structural plans
A set of engineered drawings used to support the architectural design.
Includes general notes which give details of materials to be used.
Includes a foundation plan
Shows the lowest level of the building, including concrete footings, slabs, and foundation walls.
Shows the materials to be used for the walls, whether concrete or masonry, and whether the framing is wood or steel.
explain mechanical plans
Engineered plans for motors, pumps, piping systems, and piping equipment.
HVAC(heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) plan is included in mechanical plans.
explain plumbing plans
Show the layout for the plumbing system that supplies the hot and cold water, for the sewage disposal system, and for the location of plumbing fixtures.
explain electrical plans
Drawings for electrical supply an distribution
May appear on the floor plan for simple construction projects
Can include lighting plans, power plans, and panel schedules.
Fire Protection Plans
Show the piping, valves, heads, and switches that make up a building’s fire sprinkler system
what is the developers equatoin
V = L + B + F + P
Where: V = Value of development L = Land costs and expenses B = Building costs F = Finance costs P = Profit
3 cost estimating techniques
Superficial area
Elemental cost
Quantity surveyor’s approach
explain superfical approaches + issues
Involves calculating an appropriate all-in cost that will approximate to the total cost of the development of all components of the building.
E.g. Built Area 800sqm multiplied by construction cost $1,000/sqm + 5% inflation allowance = $1,050/sqm which equates to $840,000.
Issues
Every project is different – buildings are not mass produced widgets
Individually built and tailored to meet differing requirements – characteristics and conditions (ground conditions, access, machine requirements, market conditions)
explain elemental cost approach
Estimation of building cost but provides more detail thus achieving greater accuracy.
This method requires the built elements of the building to be divided into elemental components for more accurate cost estimation.
advantages of elemental estimating method
An elemental cost analysis is easy to understand .It makes sense to people involved in the project because it shows the cost breakdown by building elements.
Elements taking up the biggest cost are easily identified and can be adjusted as required.
The quantity surveyor is able to check the elemental costs throughout the design stage, which makes it a more reliable estimate than the superficial area method.
Because all the main elements of a building are analyzed, and linked to BOQ (bill of quanities) items, this estimate is much more closer to the tender value than the superficial area method.
disadvantages of elemental method of estimating
Plan adjustments and constant cost checking in the preliminary stage takes a lot of the Architect’s and Quantity Surveyor’s time.
The Architect and QS involved in the preliminary stage need to be well versed with the cost implications of design specifications i.e. building materials, construction technology, plan shape etc.
explain quantity surveyor approach
This is the most detailed and the most accurate approach.
It requires the building to be broken down into its building components, each being accurately measured and estimated, with accurate costs per unit attached to each.
Issues:
Not a practical approach for someone who is NOT a QS
Requires detailed information about the property/project to justify the use of this method
Usually requires a Quantity Surveyor
what may other costs include
Professional fees
Exclusive of the cost of employing professional team
Costs are not fixed and will commonly vary depending on project size, scope, complexity, relationship and negotiation.
Complexity of project will change the profile of fees
Contingency
Construction contingency – allowance for risk in the construction
Foundation contingency
Other contingency – unforseen events, changing ground conditions, adverse weather, impact of design changes etc.
Rise and Fall
Inflation, cost increases etc.
