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Astronomy > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are there no impact craters on Io?

A

It did have impact craters by the surface was repaved by lava flows

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2
Q

What is Jupiter’s Great Red Spot?

A

A long-lived, high-pressure storm

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3
Q

Why do asteroids and comets differ in composition?

A

Asteroids formed inside the ice or frost line while comets formed outside

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4
Q

You can see your lecturer in class (if you are there) because

A

They reflect visible light

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5
Q

Grass looks green because

A

It reflects green light and absorbs other colours

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6
Q

The large gaps in the asteroid belt are formed by

A

Orbital resonances with Jupiter

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7
Q

How are frequency, wavelength and energy related for photons of light?

A

Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy

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8
Q

Overall, Jupiter’s composition is most like that of

A

The suns

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9
Q

Jovian planet formation

A

-Frozen hydrogen compounds (ices) formed
planetesimals which build-up to proto-planets
-Larger due abundance of ices and rocks
-Massive planets gravitationally attract H and
He gas

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10
Q

Why are Jupiter and Saturn larger than Uranus and Neptune?

A
  • Solar nebula less dense further out

- takes longer to accumulate mass

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11
Q

Jupiter’s internal structure

A

No solid surface

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12
Q

Jovian planet heat emmision

A
  • Emits more heat than it receives from the Sun

- due to continued contraction

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13
Q

Jupiter red clouds

A
  • lower altitude clouds
  • warmer
  • emit more infrared light
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14
Q

Jupiter white clouds

A
  • high altitude clouds
  • cooler
  • emit less infrared light
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15
Q

Jupiters surface clouds

A

Dynamic clouds of ammonia

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16
Q

Jupiter and saturn magnetic field?

A

Electrical conduction due to metallic Hydrogen

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17
Q

Jovian planets moons + rings

A

All have extensive moon and ring systems

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18
Q

What stops moonlets accreting into larger moons?

A

tidal forces

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19
Q

What forms rings

A

ongoing small Moonlet impacts blasting off dust and debris that continues to orbit the planet

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20
Q

2 types of moon

A
  • captured

- formed in accretion disk around planet

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21
Q

Captured moon

A

smaller, irregular shapes, little geological activity, irregular orbits

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22
Q

Moon formed in accretion disk around planet

A

larger, regular orbits, surfaces, lots of ice

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23
Q

Io volcano causes

A

Geological activity due to tidal stresses

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24
Q

Titan

A
  • second largest moon of jupiters
  • similar geology to earth
  • thick atmosphere
  • greenhouse effect
  • liquid lakes
25
Q

Red rings

A

either empty rings or dirty particles

26
Q

Turquoise rings

A

have icy particles

27
Q

Ring density

A

brighter parts are denser

28
Q

Asteroids

A
  • Rocks

- cratered and not round

29
Q

Where are asteroids mainly found

A

Most asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

30
Q

Trojan asteroids

A

Asteroids that follow jupiters orbit

31
Q

Meteroite

A

rock from space that falls through earths atmosphere

32
Q

meteor

A

bright trail left by meteroite

33
Q

Where are most comets?

A

in deep freeze in the outer solar system

34
Q

What causes a comets tail?

A

when it melts due to getting to close to the sun

35
Q

comets

A
  • leftover icy plasatesimals

- nucleus a dirty snowball

36
Q

Plasma tail

A
  • charged particles interacting with solar wind
  • points directly away from sun
  • blue
37
Q

Dust tail

A
  • melted parts of comet

- pushed by photons

38
Q

coma

A

the atmosphere that comes from a comet’s heated nucleus

39
Q

meteor showers

A

Seen when earth crosses a comets orbit and can see the small particles left behind that follow the comet around in its orbit

40
Q

Life of a comet

A

-Small icy planetesimals formed in the regions between Jupiter and Nepture
-Gravitational interactions with the jovian
planets changed their orbits
- inner solar, melts
-outer solar system, Oort cloud, ‘deep freeze’

41
Q

oort cloud

A

random orbits of comets extending to about 50,000 AU

42
Q

Kuiper belt

A

on orderly orbits of comets from 30–100 AU in disk of solar system, outside neptune

43
Q

How did comets get to the oort cloud

A

ejected by gravitational interactions with jovian planets

44
Q

How did comets get to the Kuiper belt

A

formed there

45
Q

How did a meteorite cause a mass extinction

A
  • meteroite hits earth
  • Creates a lot of dust upon impact
  • dust goes into atmosphere and blocks sun
  • reduces plant growth hence causing lack of food
  • mass extinction
46
Q

Light Emission

A

matter releases energy as light

47
Q

Light Absorption

A

matter absorbs light

48
Q

Light Transmission

A
  • Transparent objects allow light to pass through

- Opaque objects block (absorb) light

49
Q

Light reflection/scattering

A

changes the direction of light travel but not its energy

50
Q

Is light a particle or a wave?

A

It is both particle and wave like

51
Q

Wavelength and Frequency

A

Increase wave length

decreases wave frequency

52
Q

speed of light

A

wavelength x frequency (it is constant)

53
Q

Energy of light

A

Frequency and enegry are related (both are inversly proportional to wave length)
E = h x f = photon energy

54
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum

A

range of frequencies of light

55
Q

Visible light wave length

A

400-700nm

56
Q

Why are things different colours on earth?

A

Each type of atom has a unique set of energy levels, and will reflect different wave lengths of light

57
Q

Doppler Shift: Sound

A

-If the objects if coming towards us, the pitch is
higher (smaller wavelength/higher frequency)
-If it is going away, pitch is lower (longer wavelength/lower frequency)

58
Q

Doppler Shift: Light

A
  • Blue shift: Light coming towards us (shorter wavelength and higher frequency)
  • Red shift: light going away from us (longer wavelength/lower frequency)

Astronomy (12 decks)

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