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PERDEV AVRIL > WEEK 5 > Flashcards

WEEK 5 Flashcards

1
Q

_____________ believes that an individual grows through a dynamic process in which the body’s internal system interacts with the
environment.

A

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

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2
Q

This theory tries to explain how a child understands the world, how he thinks, reasons out, remembers, and solves problems. It considers education as a key element in developing one’s cognitive skills.

A

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

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3
Q

-is a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information interpreting one’s new
experience in terms of one’s existing knowledge.

A

SCHEMA

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4
Q

What do you call this concept? A young child may first develop a schema for a horse. She knows that a horse
is large, has hair, four legs, and a tail. When the little girl encounters a cow for the first time,
she might initially call it a horse. After all, it fits in with her schema for the characteristics of a
horse; it is a large animal that has hair, four legs, and a tail. Once she is told that this is a
different animal called a cow, she will modify her existing schema for a horse and create a
new schema for a cow.

A

Schema

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5
Q

What stage refers to “From birth- 2 years”

A

Sensori-Motor Stage

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6
Q

In the Sensori-Motor Stage. The child learns through _______ experiences.

A

Sensori-Motor Stage

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7
Q

Knowledge is based on the senses and the child
responds to people and
things through reflex
movements like sucking or grasping.

A

Sensori-Motor Stage

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7
Q

An important understanding
that should be attained on this stage is the object
permanence.

A

Sensori-Motor Stage

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8
Q

________________ is when the
object continues to exist even if it is no longer seen.

A

object permanence

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9
Q

Give an example of Object Permanence.

A

(ex: peek-a-boo)

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10
Q

What stage refers to 2- 7 years

A

Pre- Operational Stage

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11
Q

The child continues to
improve using mental images
and begins to use symbols to
represent what he/she knows
_________________,
significantly through
language.

A

(symbolic
thought/function)

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12
Q

___________ is the child’s tendency to focus on one aspect.

A

Centration

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12
Q

However,
perceptions are limited and
understanding is based on
concrete objects. The child
may find difficulty
understanding that actions or
thinking can be reversed.
This ability is called ___________________

A

irreversibility.

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13
Q

The child develops
_____________ where he/she
is limited in understanding or
appreciating others’ point of views

A

egocentricity

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13
Q

Also, the child develops the ability called ____________ He/she tends to attribute
human characteristics to
inanimate objects (ex: It rains
because the sky is crying; or
a child will put her doll to
sleep).

A

animism

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14
Q

What stage is the 8-11 years old?

A

Concrete-Operational Stage

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15
Q

The child begins to be more logical and able to perform
simple operations, begin to
understand classifications
(ex: living things and nonliving things), and can
understand reversibility (ex:
commutative property of
addition;
1 + 2 = 2 + 1

A

Concrete-Operational Stage

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16
Q

____________is the child’s
ability to know that certain
properties of objects don’t
change even if

A

Conservation

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17
Q

________________the child’s ability
to order or arrange things in a
series depending on
properties like size, shape,
height, etc

A

Seriation-

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18
Q

This stage is between 11-15 years?

A

Formal Operational Stage

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19
Q

At this point, the child is no
longer just dependent on
concrete perceptual
experiences in the present. In
dealing with situations, the
past and the future can be a
reference to know what to do.
He/she is able to analyze
problems, consider different
ways of solving it in a
systematic way.

A

Formal Operational Stage

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20
Q
  • the ability to come up with
    different hypotheses about a
    problem, gather data to prove
    them.
A

Hypothetical Reasoning

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20
Q

At this stage he/she can deal
with abstract or
hypothetical situations and
generate ideas about it
through logical thinking.

A

Formal Operational Stage

21
Q

the ability to perceive
relationships in objects,
situations or problems.
Students can now make
analogies.

A
22
Q
  • the ability to think logically
    by applying general rules to
    specific examples.
A

Deductive Reasoning

23
Q

is a popular psychologist whose
theory of human development and personality sparked great
interest, as well as controversy due to its biological orientation that
focuses on psychosexual development of an individual.

A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

24
Q

He
believed that early experiences are very important in human
development.

A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

24
Q

____________ the main source of life
energy that finds its way in different parts of the body which are sensitive to
stimulations.

A

erogenous zones or “pleasure areas”

25
Q

T OR F
Satisfaction of each area or zone is important to
develop a healthy personality.

A

T

26
Q

_________ is characterized by attachment
to a particular object or activity and may affect development.

A

fixation

27
Q

_________ is sexual drive

A

LIBIDO

28
Q

APPROXIMATE PERIOD
0-1 YEAR

A

ORAL STAGE

28
Q

WHAT IS THE TRAIT OUTCOMES OF ORAL STAGE

A

issues with
dependency or
aggression.

Fixation can also lead to
overeating, smoking,
drinking, nail biting,
gossiping, c

29
Q

THE FOCUS OF ORAL STAGE

A

Oral pleasure through
mouth, eating,
sucking, mouthing,
chewing, and biting.

Breastfeeding

30
Q

APPROXIMATE PERIOD : 2 – 4 years

A

ANAL STAGE

31
Q

TRAIT OUTCOMES
ANAL

A

Freud believed that
positive experiences
during the toilet training
stage serve as the basis
for people to become
competent, productive,
and creative adults.

32
Q

FOCUS
(EROGENOUS
ZONEs ANAL STAGE

A

Anal pleasure to
release tension through
anus, eliminating and
retaining feces
Children must endure
the demands of toilet
training (“potty
training”)

33
Q

Fixation can lead to
being obsessive with
cleanliness or being
messy and
disorganized. The child
may become
perfectionist, obsessive
compulsive, or careless.
If parents exhibit
extremes during toilet
training, then a child
may grow up to be anally
expulsive or anally
retentive

A

ANAL STAGE

33
Q

_______________________- limited
levels of self-control,
defiance, hostility, are
disorganized/
scatterbrained

A

*“ANALLY
EXPULSIVE”

34
Q

_____________________– rigid,
obsessively organized,
and overly subservient
to authority

A

*“ANALLY
RETENTIVE”

35
Q

APPROXIMATE PERIOD : 4 – 6 years

A

PHALLIC STAGE

35
Q

Pleasure through
genitals

A

PHALLIC STAGE

36
Q

____________– Latin term
for penis

A

“Phallus”

37
Q

The child starts to
recognize what it means
to be a boy or girl with
their physical
differences. Conflicts
arise due to greater
emotional attachment to
one parent over another.

A

PHALLIC STAGE

38
Q

Attachment of a boy to
his mom. “mama’s
boy”

A

(Oedipus
complex-)

39
Q

ATTACHMENT OF A girl to her dad

A

(Electra complexpapa’s girl).

40
Q

Psychologist
_____________ disputed
the theory of Sigmund, calling it both
inaccurate and

A

Karen Horney

41
Q

APPROXIMATE PERIOD: 7 – 12 years

A

LATENCY STAGE

42
Q

Resolving fixations or
conflicts in previous
stages; developing
academic and social
skills, physical abilities,
and talents

A

LATENCY STAGE

43
Q

The child develops
closeness with parents if
conflicts are resolved,
and builds social ties.
Sexual urge/ drive
(libido) is dormant and
inhibited.
Children in this stage
repress their sexual
desires to focus on
areas like academics
and athletics, etc.

A

LATENCY STAGE

44
Q

Same-sex friendships
develop during this time
as well (not to be
confused with
homosexual
relationships; children
associate with those of
the same-sex)

A

LATENCY STAGE

45
Q

The ______ period is a
time of exploration in
which the sexual energy
is repressed or dormant.
This energy is still
present, but it is
sublimated into other
areas such as
intellectual pursuits and
social interactions. This
stage is important in the
development of social
and communication
skills and

A

LATENCY PERIOD

46
Q

12 years –?

A

GENITAL STAGE

47
Q

Begins at puberty
involves the
development of the
genitals, and libido
begins to be used in its
sexual role.
Sex role identity
formation

A

GENITAL STAGE

48
Q

This is the period of
adolescence. Sexual
interest is awakened.

A

GENITAL STAGE

49
Q

This stage is
characterized by the
maturation of the
reproductive system,
production of sex
hormones and the
reactivation of the
genital zone as an area
of sensual pleasure.

A

GENITAL STAGE

50
Q

Teens in the genital
stage of development
are able to balance their
most basic urges
against the need to
conform to the demands
of reality and social
norms.

A

GENITAL STAGE

51
Q
A

PERDEV AVRIL (2 decks)

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