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PT Fundamentals > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of an objective exam?

A

Collect/test/measure objective data

Analyze data/establish working diagnosis

Determine prognosis

Formulate a plan of treatment

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2
Q

Systems review

A

Brief limited tests or measures of 5 major body systems to assess their impact on movement and function

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3
Q

What are the types of systems review?

A

ROM measures

Joint testing

Muscle tests

Special test

Palpations

Manual muscle test (strength)

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4
Q

When is the system review performed?

A

At the beginning of the objective exam

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5
Q

What are the 5 body systems routinely screened?

A

Cardiovascular/pulmonary

Integumentary

Musculoskeletal

Neuromuscular

Mental functions

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6
Q

What is assessed in the cardiovascular/pulmonary system?

A

HR

Respiratory rate

BP

Edema

Oxygen levels

Gait speed

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7
Q

What is assessed in the integumentary system?

A

Skin color

Scars

Pliability

Skin integrity (wounds)

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8
Q

What is assessed in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Gross ROM

Gross strength

Muscle girth

Height/weight

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9
Q

What is assessed in the neuromuscular system?

A

Gross UE and LE sensations

Deep tendon reflexes

Balance

Transfers

Gait

Transitions

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10
Q

What is assessed in mental functions?

A

Consciousness

Orientation (person, place, time)

Expected response to requests

Learning preferences

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11
Q

When should vital signs be taken?

A

Prior to treatment

During treatment

After treatment

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12
Q

Pulse rate

A

Rate, rhythm, and volume of the pulse (do not use your thumb)

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13
Q

How should pulse rate be taken?

A

30 seconds multiplied by 2

1 minute if their pulse is abnormal

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14
Q

What is the scale for pulse rate?

A

0- No palpable pulse
1+ Faint, but detectable pulse
2+ normal
3+ increased or full
4+ bounding pulse

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15
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Measures blood O2 levels, monitor pulse rate, and calculates HR

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16
Q

What is a normal blood O2 saturation?

A

95-100%

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17
Q

What is often used to detect pulse oximetry?

A

Finger pulse oximeter

18
Q

What is considered a normal BP?

A

<120 and <80

19
Q

What is considered an elevated BP?

A

120-129 and <80

20
Q

What is considered hypertension stage 1?

A

130-139 OR 80-89

21
Q

What is considered hypertension stage 2?

A

> 140 OR >90

22
Q

What is considered hypertensive crisis?

A

> 180 OR >120

23
Q

What is the most common BP reading mistakes?

A

Using wrong sized cuff

Incorrect patient positioning

Normal reading prejudice

Not factoring in electronic units correctly

24
Q

What are reasons BP would be higher than normal?

A

Full bladder

Unsupported back

Unsupported feet

Crossed legs

Cuff over clothing

Unsupported arms

Patient talking

25
Q

Where are the 9 sites to take pulse rate?

A

Brachial (most common)

Apical

Temporal

Carotid

Radial

Femoral

Popliteal

Posterior tibial

Dorsal pedis

26
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

SBP drops by at least 20 mmHg when standing up from a supine position

Or

DBP drop by 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing up

27
Q

What is proper positioning of patient when taking BP?

A

Supported back

Supported feet

Supported arm and height of heart

28
Q

What are factors that can affect body temperature?

A

Time of day

Age

Environmental temperature

Infection

Physical activity

Emotion status

Site of measurement

Menstrual cycle

Oral cavity temperature

29
Q

How do you assess respiration rate?

A

Count amount of breaths but do not tell the patient (typically done during pulse measurement)

30
Q

What are normal amounts of respiration at rest?

A

12-18 per minute for adults

30-50 per minute for infants

31
Q

Gross sensory light touch screening

A

Have patient close eyes and lightly touch 5 different areas (score 1-5 based on how many patients tells you correctly)

32
Q

Where is the center of gravity of a standing person?

A

Second sacral segment

33
Q

What does L4 indicate in deep tendon reflex?

A

Quadriceps (tap patellar tendon)

34
Q

What does S1 indicate in the deep tendon reflex?

A

Achilles

35
Q

Scoring for deep tendon reflex

A

4+ very brisk response, associated with clonus

3+ Brisk response, possibly hyperreflexive

2+ normal, average response

1+ low normal response

0 no response

1+(R) absent response which appears with reinforcement

0(R) no response even with reinforcement

36
Q

Jendrassik maneuver

A

Reinforcement technique during deep tendon reflex (lock fingers and pull against eachother)

37
Q

Balance

A

Ability to keep the center of mass within the base of support

38
Q

Static balance

A

Control of COM when the BOS is static (sitting, standing)

39
Q

Dynamic balance

A

Maintaining COM over the BOS during voluntary movement (reaching for faucet)

40
Q

Reactive balance

A

Maintaining control of COM over BOS against external forces trying to move the COM outside the BOS

PT Fundamentals (7 decks)

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