Week 5

Question 1

What goes into evidence based practise

Answer 1

Clinical expertise

Best research evidence

Patient values and preferences

Question 2

Examples of booleen operators

Answer 2

and, or, not

Question 3

Quantitative research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Hierarchy of evidence

Answer 4

systematic review/meta analysis

randomised control trials

cohort studies

case control studies

case series/reports

Question 5

Quantitative study designs

Answer 5

Where participants are observed = observational

Where effect of intervention observed = experimental

Question 6

What is an observational study?

Answer 6

Comparison between two or more populations that yields information about the relationship between two or more variables.

E.g. observational research shows that those who smoke have a higher risk of death vs those who don’t

Question 7

Why to do observational studies?

Answer 7

Can have very large sample sizes

Can have a long duration of follow up

Can conduct on phenomena that it would be unethical to conduct research on

Question 8

What are experimental studies?

Answer 8

In experimental studies we intervene by providing an intervention

Purpose is to draw conclusions about a particular procedure or treatment

The test group = the intervention
The control/placebo group = no intervention or placebo

Question 9

Variables in experimental research

Answer 9

Independent - What you change (the intervention/control)

Dependent variable - What you measure - the outcome

Question 10

Experimental designs

Answer 10

Parallel
Crossover

Question 11

What is a parallel experimental design?

Answer 11

Most common type of controlled trial

Participants are recruited

Randomly allocated to one of two interventions

Measurements are taken before and after interventions

Question 12

What is a crossover experimental design?

Answer 12

All participants receive all conditions

50% of participants receive first intervention

Followed by washout period

Receive second intervention

Question 13

What is a randomised control trial?

Answer 13

All participants are of similar characteristics e.g. BMI, sex etc

Subjects are randomly assigned to different groups:

Drug or placebo (treatment A or Treatment B)

Question 14

What is the use of an RCT

Answer 14

Less likely to be bias

Question 15

What is single blinded?

Answer 15

Participants or the researchers are not aware of the group allocation

When the participants are blinded this controls for the placebo effect

Question 16

What is double blinded?

Answer 16

Both the participants and the researchers are not aware of the group allocation