Week 4 - Surgery Flashcards
What are the four stages of General Anaesthesia?
- Premedication
- Induction - IV propofol
- Maintenance
- Reversal
What negative effects does GA have on the respiratory system?
Lowers FRC
Dependent lung collapse within 15 minutes
Risk of absorption atelectasis
Inhalation of dry, cold gas increases mucus viscosity and affects surfactant production
MCC stops after 90 minutes
Impairs CNS regulation of breathing - hypoventilation
Handling of viscera decreases diaphragmatic function
Name 3 common cardiorespiratory complications of surgery
Atelectasis
Hypoxaemia
Chest infection
What is anterior resection? Name some associated risks
To remove an area of the bowel that is diseased
Anastomotic leak, nerve damage, ileus
What is a hemicolectomy? Name some associated risks
Remove a segment of the colon
Internal injury, colostomy, anastomotic leak
What is an AP resection? Name some associated risks
Abdominoperineal resection - Procedure to remove rectum, anal canal and lower bowel
Hernia, difficulty passing urine, leak from bowel join
What is a Whipples surgery? Name some associated risks
Removal of head of pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder and the bile duct
Delayed emptying of stomach, leakage from pancreas or bile duct connection, diabetes
What is a gastrectomy? Name some associated risks
All or part of stomach surgically removed
Osteoporosis, anaemia, stricture, blockage of small intestine, dumping syndrome
What is a liver resection? Name some associated risks.
Removal of all or a portion of the liver
Bile leak, jaundice
What is a lobectomy? Name some associated risks.
Lobe of the lung is removed
Pneumothorax, bronchopleural fissure, pleural effusion
What is a pneumonectomy? Name some associated risks.
Entire lung is removed.
Respiratory failure, infections, heart problems, post-thoracotomy syndrome, bronchopleural fistula
What is lung volume reduction surgery? Name some associated risks.
To remove diseased emphysematous lung tissue.
Air leakage, infection, stroke, bleeding, heart attack
Describe three types of pleural surgery and give some associated risks
Pleurectomy - part of the pleura is removed
Pleurodesis - irritant drug put into pleural space to stick lung to wall and prevent fluid/ air collection in this space
Decortication- removal of fibrous tissue within pleural space
Pneumonia, subcutaneous emphysema, bronchopleural fistula
What is an oesophagectomy? Describe some risks associated with this procedure
Removal of a diseased portion of the oeseophagus
Anastomotic leak, damage to nerves of voice box
