Week 4: Substance Use and Addictions Flashcards
What two drugs have always been used in America?
Alcohol and Tobacco
How many rum distilleries existed in New England in the 1770s?
Over 140!
What other drugs did Americans start consuming in the 19th Century?
Coffee, Opium, Cocaine, Marijuana
What played an important role in decisions during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to ban opium, marijuana, and cocaine?
Racial Prejudice
Any substance other than food that, when taken into the body, affects the structure and/or functioning of the body.
Drug
What is the main problem is determining the distinction between legal and illegal drugs?
There is no logical basis; the more dangerous drugs aren’t always the illegal ones; and vice versa.
How many Americans die each year from Alcohol and Tobacco use?
~520,000
What determines the category that a drug belongs to?
The physiological effects of the drug
What are the five most common classifications of drugs?
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Narcotics
Stimulants
This type of drug slows down the activity of the central nervous system. Depending on the specific drug, they help induce drowsiness and relaxation, and they can reduce anxiety and pain
Depressants
Analgesics and Sedatives are example of what type of drug?
Depressants
Mind-altering drugs that cause delusions or hallucinations
Hallucinogens
Ecstasy, LSD, mescaline, and PCP are examples of what type of drug?
Hallucinogens
This drug effects include distortion of time and space, euphoria, hunger, increased sensory perception, and relaxation.
Marijuana
What is the most popular illegal drug in the United States?
Marijuana
This drug also slows down the nervous system, and is highly effective at relieving pain and are a common substance in prescription medicines for severe pain.
Narcotics
Codeine, heroin, methadone, and morphine are examples of which type of drug?
Narcotics
This type of drug has the opposite effect of depressants by speeding up the central nervous system. They increase alertness and energy and can produce euphoria or anxiety
Stimulants
Caffeine, cocaine, methamphetamine and other amphetamines, nicotine (tobacco), and Ritalin are examples of which type fo drug?
Stimulants
Five or more drinks on the same occasion—within two hours of each other—on at least one day in the past month– is an example of what type of drinking?
Binge drinking
Binge drinking on at least five days in the past month is is known as what?
Heavy drinking/ a heavy drinker
How many people in America abuse alcohol?
18 Million
The use of this drug causes more preventable death and illness in the United States than any other cause of death;
Tobacco
Argues that drug use may actually be functional for several members of society. For the people who use legal or illegal drugs, drug use is functional because it provides them the various positive physiological effects that drugs have
Functionalist
Argues that much drug use in poor urban areas results from the poverty, racial inequality, and other conditions affecting people in these locations.
Racial and ethnic prejudice and inequality help determine why some drugs are illegal as well as the legal penalties for these drugs.
Conflict Theory
This view claims that drug use arises from an individual’s engagement with people who engage in drug use. From this type of social interaction, an individual learns how to use a drug and also learns various attitudes that justify drug use and define the effects of a drug as effects that are enjoyable
Symbolic Interactionism
___________ theories attribute drug use to various aspects of the social environment, including peer influences, weak social bonds, and the larger drug culture.
Sociological
A popular set of _________ theories assumes that drug addiction results from certain personality traits and problems.
Psychological
_______ theories assume that some people are especially vulnerable to drug addiction for genetic reasons
Biological
This strategy attempts to minimize the harm caused by drugs. It recognizes that many people will use drugs despite efforts to prevent or persuade them from doing so and despite any punishment they might receive for using illegal drugs
Harm Reduction
What are some ways that America has tried to reduce drug use?
- Increasing Alcohol taxes
- Fully reintegrating former drug dealers and recovering drug addicts into society
- Prohibiting alcohol sales to anyone who has engaged in drunk driving or who has committed violence under the influence of alcohol
- Providing legally prescribed heroin and/or substitute opiates, including methadone, for heroin addicts
- Abandoning D.A.R.E.
- Following the psychological principle of operant conditioning by providing drug addicts small cash payments for clean drug tests, as these rewards have been shown to be effective
What is the main takeaway form the Rat Park comic?
For many people, drug use is a result of their surrounding environment.
Seeing the world as a “park” or seeing the world as a “cage”.
Which drug isn’t medically recognized in Canada as a treatment for opioid addiction?
Hydromorphone
