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MEDI2011 > Week 4 - skin, atopy > Flashcards

Week 4 - skin, atopy Flashcards

1
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

“immediate”, atopy, allergens often environmental
MoA: IgE and degranulation of mast cells
e.g. allergic rhinitis, asthma, anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Atopy

A

Increased tendency of certain individuals to type I hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Antibody binds self or foreign antigens; phagocytosis, NK cells or complement mediated lysis
MoA: IgG, IgM, complement
e.g. Rh incompatibility, transfusion rxn, haemolytic anaemia, Graves’

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4
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune-complex disease (deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels and tissues)
MoA: IgG, antigen, complement
e.g. vasculitis, nephritis, arthritis, pneumonitis, tetanus injection

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5
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Delayed-type, mediated by T cells and macrophages
Rxns develop hour to days after contact (typically 12-48hrs)
e.g. contact dermatitis, TB test,

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6
Q

Infective causes of rash

A

Bacterial: staph, strep
Viral: molluscum contagiosum, HPV, HSV, EBV
Fungal: tinea corporis/capitis
Parasitic: scabies

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7
Q

Autoimmune/inflammatory causes of rash

A

Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, neonatal lupus, acne

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8
Q

Papule

A

Elevated, solid lesion <0.5cm (e.g. bite reaction, rosacea)

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9
Q

Macule

A

Area of change in skin colour without elevation/depression, <0.5cm (e.g. drug or viral exanthem, scarlet fever)

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10
Q

Plaque

A

Plateau-like elevation above skin surface, usually >1cm (e.g. psoriasis)

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11
Q

Pustule

A

Papule containing purulent exudate, often centred on hair follicle (e.g. rosacea)

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12
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated, superficial cavity containing fluid, )

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13
Q

Wheal/urticaria

A

Flat topped papule or plaque which migrates over 24hrs, due to dermal oedema (“hives” due to food intolerance, allergic rxn etc)

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14
Q

Psoriasis - clinical features

A

Erythema ‘salmon pink’, scale, thickened plaques, predilection for extensor surfaces, scalp, joint

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15
Q

Psoriasis - triggers

A

Physical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), stress, drugs (e.g. anti-hypertensives), infections (strep throat), nutrition and alcohol, UV light

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16
Q

Psoriasis - therapy

A

Local topical therapy (corticosteroids, dithranol, Vit D analogues, tar/salacylic acid/sulphur preparations), UV light therapy, Systemic (methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin)

17
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema
Inflammatory skin condition, all ages usual onset 2yrs, intense pruritis induces rubbing and scratching of skin, skin often dry with poorly defined papules or plaques, with/without scale, high risk 2ndary infection
- flexures

18
Q

Atopic dermatitis - complications

A

Bacterial: Staph aureus (impetiginisation)
Viral: HSV (eczema herpeticum), molluscum contagiosum
Erythroderma - systemically unwell

19
Q

Atopic dermatitis - triggers

A

Drying of skin, worsening barrier function (soaps, detergents)
Allergen inhalation (dust mite, animal hair, pollen)
Irritants (cleaning agents, wool, damp
Climate
Social/emotional stress

20
Q

Atopic dermatitis - treatment

A

General: educate parents, avoid irritants, emollients

For exacerbation: topical corticosteroids, antihistamines

21
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Disease of the folliculosebaceous unit.
Keratin plugging of follicular opening, hormones
Bacteria: propionibacterium acnes

22
Q

Primary vs secondary acne vulgaris

A

Primary: closed and open comedo (black head and white head)
Secondary: Papules, pustules, papulopustules, cysts, nodules

23
Q

Acne vulgaris - treatment

A
  1. Hormonal manipulation - in women ocp with anti-androgenic progesterone (i.e. Diane, Yasmin)
  2. Reduce keratin build up blocking follicle openings - topical: differin gel (Vit A); oral: roaccutane (vit A) –> teratogenic, mental health side effects)
  3. Antibiotics (wash - benzylperoxide; topical - erythromycin etc; oral)
24
Q

An adverse food reaction due to nonimmunologic mechanism is called….

A

Food intolerance

25
Q

Highly contagious bacterial skin infection, common in young children

A

Impetigo

26
Q

A rash characterised by intensely itchy raised papules, which is commonly due to an allergic reaction

A

Urticaria

27
Q

The common name for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

A

Dustmite

28
Q

Itchy

A

Pruritic

29
Q

Triple response in skin to H2 receptor activation

A

Reddening, wheal, and flare

30
Q

Rapid swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, esp of the face, which can occur in response to an allergen

A

Angiooedema

31
Q

An inflammatory mediator released as a result of mast cell activation

A

Histamine

MEDI2011 (5 decks)

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