Week 4 - Project Estimation & Scheduling

Question 1

For estimating a task duration, what is the formula to be used?

Answer 1

A simple estimation model
1. Estimate the minimum amount of time it would take to perform the task
- the optimistic duration (OD).
2. Estimate the maximum amount of time it would take to perform the task
- the pessimistic duration (PD).
3. Estimate the expected duration (ED) that will be needed to perform the task.
4. Calculate a weighted average of the most likely duration (D) as follows:

𝐷 = ((1 × 𝑶𝑫) + (4 × 𝑬𝑫) + (1 × 𝑷𝑫))/6

Question 2

What is the purpose of abstract classes in object-oriented programming?

a.	To provide a complete implementation of all methods.

b.	To create instances of the class directly.

c.	To serve as a base class with common attributes and methods for subclasses.

d.	To prevent inheritance and polymorphism.

e.	None of these mentioned.

Answer 2

c. To serve as a base class with common attributes and methods for subclasses.

Question 3

Which of the following is an advantage of inheritance?

a.	None of these mentioned

b.	It allows for code reuse

c.	It allows for new features to be added to existing classes without modifying them

d.	It allows for code to be organised in a hierarchical manner

e.	All of these mentioned

Answer 3

e. All of these mentioned

Question 4

How does abstraction contribute to software development?

a.	It makes software run faster by optimising code execution.

b.	It simplifies complex problems by ignoring irrelevant details.

c.	It increases the memory footprint of software applications.

d.	None of these mentioned.

Answer 4

b. It simplifies complex problems by ignoring irrelevant details.

Question 5

What are the three parts that all objects and classes should have?

a.	Name, Properties, Values
b.	Name, State, Services
c.	Identity, State, Services
d.	Identity, Properties, Values
e.	Table, Rows, Name
f.	Table, identity, Values

Answer 5

c. Identity, State, Services

Question 6

What is an object in object-oriented programming?

a.	A variable
b.	A data type
c.	An instance of a class
d.	A thing
e.	A block of code
f.	None these mentioned

Answer 6

c. An instance of a class

Question 7

In object-oriented programming, what is class?

a.	A type of loop.
b.	None of these mentioned.
c.	An instance of an object.
d.	A program template for creating objects
e.	A method that manipulates data.

Answer 7

d. A program template for creating objects

Question 8

What does a top level of a WBS represent?

a.	Detailed tasks
b.	None of these mentioned
c.	Project objectives
d.	Project phases
e.	Sub-projects

Answer 8

c. Project objectives

Question 9

Which of the following is true about WBS levels?

a.	The number of levels is fixed at seven.
b.	The number of levels depends on the project’s complexity.
c.	None of these mentioned.
d.	There are always four levels in a WBS.
e.	The WBS should have an odd number of levels.

Answer 9

b. The number of levels depends on the project’s complexity.

Question 10

What are the estimate task durations?

Answer 10

Estimate each task (size) -> Estimate the effort (time) -> Monitor the progress (compare with the estimation) -> Adjust your estimation

Question 11

What are the aims of analysis process?

Answer 11

Describe them in a way that will enable maintainable design and implementation

Question 12

What are the problems with classical object-oriented analysis?

Answer 12

▪ Fails in large scale projects
▪ Models either actions or data

Question 13

What are the benefits of object-oriented paradigm?

Answer 13

▪ Increase REUSE due to the modularity
▪ Increase maintainability since it accommodates for changes
while protecting the existing structure
▪ Help enforcing good design techniques
▪ It’s real-world-like design makes it more understandable by non-technical audience.

Question 14

A Class Can be:
a. Tangible Entity
b. Abstract Entity
c. Role
d. Event

Answer 14

all

Question 15

Which model is used to describe and help better understand the properties of existing systems?

a.	Data model
b.	Constructive model
c.	Analytical model
d.	Process model
e.	Visual model

Answer 15

c. Analytical model

Question 16

Which concept allows you to define a blueprint for a class without creating instances of it?

a.	Inheritance
b.	Encapsulation
c.	Polymorphism
d.	None of these mentioned
e.	Abstraction

Answer 16

e. Abstraction

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct definition of polymorphism?

a.	The ability of a class to cast an object to another class.
b.	The ability of a method to behave differently depending on the object that it is called on.
c.	The ability of a class to have multiple parents.
d.	The ability of a class to override the methods of its parent classes.
e.	None of these mentioned.

Answer 17

b. The ability of a method to behave differently depending on the object that it is called on.

Question 18

What is the benefit of using the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
a. It automates project scheduling.
b. It simplifies resource allocation.
c. It enhances communication and understanding of project scope.
d. It reduces project risks.
e. None of this mentioned.

Answer 18

c. It enhances communication and understanding of project scope.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an object-oriented concept?

a.	Generalisation
b.	Extraction
c.	Abstraction
d.	Polymorphism
e.	Include
f.	Data Abstraction
g.	Encapsulation

Answer 19

b. Extraction