WEEK 4: More VIsualisations, aesthetics and annotations

Question 1

ggplot2

Answer 1

The ggplot2 package lets you use R code to specify the dataset, geom, and aesthetics of your plot.

Question 2

aesthetic

Answer 2

a connection or mapping between a visual feature in your plot and a variable in your data.

Question 3

A geom

Answer 3

Refers to the geometric object used to represent your data.

Question 4

Facets

Answer 4

With facets, you can create separate plots for all the variables in your dataset.

Question 5

Label and annote

Answer 5

You can add text like titles, subtitles and captions to communicate the purpose of your plot or highlight important data.

Question 6

To create a plot

Answer 6

Follow these three steps: start with the ggplot function and choose a dataset to work with, add a geom_function to display your data, map the variables you want to plot in the argument of the aes function.

Question 7

Aesthetics for points

Answer 7

X,Y Shape, Color, Size, Alpha (transparency)

Question 8

ggplot2 function

Answer 8

ggplot(data =penguins) + geompoint(mapping = aes(x= length, y = height, color = species))

Question 9

geom funtions

Answer 9

geom_point
geom_bar
geom_line

Question 10

If we want to plot a separate line for each elements of our data

Answer 10

add line type to the aes funtion
Ex: ggplot(data =penguins) + geom_point(mapping = aes(x= length, y = height, linetype=species))

Question 11

Jittering

Answer 11

helps us deal with over-plotting, which happens when the data points in a plot overlap with each other.
Ex: ggplot(data =penguins) + geom_jitter(mapping = aes(x= length, y = height, linetype=species))

Question 12

bar chat aesthetics function

Answer 12

ggplot (data=diamonds) + geom_bar ( mapping =aes(x=cut, color=cut or fill = cut))

Question 13

Ggplot2’s smoothing functionality

Answer 13

Is helpful because it adds a smoothing line as another layer to a plot; the smoothing line helps the data to make sense to a casual observer.

Question 14

Facet functions

Answer 14

Let you display smaller groups or subsets of your data.
To facet your plot by a single variable, use facet underscore wrap.

Question 15

tidle (~)

Answer 15

To facet your plot by a single variable, use facet underscore wrap.
If your is visual is too busy, for example, if it’s got too many variables or levels within variables, faceting can be a good option.

Question 16

When to use $

Answer 16

You can use the ‘&’ character to demonstrate that you want two different conditions to be true. Also, you can use the ‘$’ character to specify which column in the data frame you are referencing

Question 17

paste0() funtion

Answer 17

you can use the paste0() function to use your newly-created variables in your labels. This is really handy, because if the data gets updated and there is more recent data added, you don’t have to change the code below because the variables are dynamic