Week 4 (March 17-21) Flashcards by kudus hailemichael

Why is the U.S. interested in Canada’s Ring of Fire?

It is a major source of oil and natural gas.

It is a prime location for new military bases.

It has large reserves of freshwater.

It contains critical minerals needed for national security and technology.

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How is the Ring of Fire currently accessible?

By a network of paved highways

By ice roads in the winter and planes in warmer months

Through a railway system

By a bridge connecting it to Thunder Bay

By ice roads in the winter and planes in warmer months

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What legal concern has been raised by First Nations communities regarding the Ring of Fire?
They argue the federal government has full control over the land.

They claim they have not been properly consulted about development.

They are demanding sole ownership of the region’s minerals.

They want foreign companies to be banned from mining there.

They claim they have not been properly consulted about development.

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What shape is the Ring of Fire?

The Ring of Fire is a crescent-shaped mineral deposit in Northern Ontario.

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Why is the Ring of Fire important?

It is important because it contains critical minerals such as nickel, chromium, palladium, and platinum, which are essential for national security, renewable energy, and digital technology, including Ontario’s electric vehicle battery industry

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Which of Ontario’s industries (that were mentioned in the article) would benefit a lot from the essential minerals in the Ring of Fire?

Ontario’s electric vehicle battery industry

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Which of the following minerals are found in the Ring of Fire?

Nickel, chromium, palladium, and platinum

Gold, silver, and iron

Copper, coal, and uranium

Lithium, zinc, and bauxite

Nickel, chromium, palladium, and platinum

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What recent legal decision could impact the development of the Ring of Fire?

A U.S. court ruling that grants American companies access to the area

A Canadian Supreme Court ruling that eliminates mining restrictions

An Anishinaabe First Nation in Quebec winning a federal court case that strengthens consultation obligations under UNDRIP

A trade agreement between Canada and the U.S. allowing unrestricted mineral exports

An Anishinaabe First Nation in Quebec winning a federal court case that strengthens consultation obligations under UNDRIP

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What percentage tariff has the U.S. placed on energy materials, including critical minerals?

15%

10%

25%

10%

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How has the lack of infrastructure affected development in the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: The region remains inaccessible by road year-round, relying on ice roads in winter and planes in warmer months. This makes mining development difficult and costly.)

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How does the U.S. tariff policy reflect its dependence on Canadian critical minerals?

(Answer: While the U.S. imposed a 25% tariff on most goods, it only placed a 10% tariff on energy materials, including critical minerals, suggesting that it cannot afford to impose higher tariffs due to its reliance on these resources.)

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What concerns do First Nations communities have about mining in the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: First Nations communities argue they have not been properly consulted about development, which could threaten their traditional ways of life. Legal challenges have been raised regarding the duty to consult and provincial regulatory processes.)

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Where is the Ring of Fire located?

(Answer: The Ring of Fire is in Northern Ontario, Canada, about 500 kilometres northeast of Thunder Bay.)

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How might the recent federal court victory for an Anishinaabe First Nation in Quebec impact the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: The ruling could strengthen consultation requirements under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDRIP), potentially delaying or complicating mining development in the Ring of Fire.)

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What has journalist Vince Beiser said about Canada’s critical minerals?

They will be crucial for human development over the next 20-100 years.

They are not as valuable as people think.

The U.S. has enough of these minerals and does not need to rely on Canada.

Mining companies are overestimating the Ring of Fire’s potential.

They will be crucial for human development over the next 20-100 years.

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Why is the Ring of Fire significant to Ontario’s economy?

It is already the largest mining operation in the province.

It provides employment for thousands of Indigenous workers.

It could become a major source of minerals for Ontario’s electric vehicle battery industry.

It is a key location for Ontario’s oil and gas industry

It could become a major source of minerals for Ontario’s electric vehicle battery industry.

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What does Elizabeth Steyn suggest about Trump’s tariff policies?

The U.S. does not rely on Canadian minerals.

Trump is using tariffs to punish Canada’s mining industry.

Tariffs are being used to force Canadian companies to sell minerals exclusively to the U.S.

The lower 10% tariff on energy materials indicates the U.S. needs Canadian critical minerals.

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What challenge does Elizabeth Steyn identify as the biggest obstacle to mining development in the Ring of Fire?

The lack of investors willing to fund projects

The remote location and difficult terrain

Significant community opposition from surrounding First Nations

Canada’s refusal to export minerals to the U.S.

Significant community opposition from surrounding First Nations

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What role does the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDRIP) play in this issue?

It allows the Canadian government to bypass Indigenous concerns.

It could strengthen First Nations’ rights to consultation, making mining development more difficult.

It guarantees financial compensation for First Nations affected by mining.

It promotes foreign investment in Canadian mining projects.

It could strengthen First Nations’ rights to consultation, making mining development more difficult.

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What is one reason why the Ring of Fire’s mineral resources have not yet been extracted?

The minerals have not been fully discovered.

The region lacks infrastructure such as roads and year-round transportation.

The area is still undergoing environmental impact studies.

There is no current demand for the minerals.

The region lacks infrastructure such as roads and year-round transportation.

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What are some of the critical minerals found in the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: Nickel, chromium, palladium, and platinum.)

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What has made transportation and infrastructure development difficult in the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: The area lacks road access and is only reachable by ice roads in winter or by plane in warmer months.)

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How does the article describe the location of the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: It is a 5,000-square-kilometre area in Northern Ontario, about 500 kilometres northeast of Thunder Bay, in a remote, swampy peatland.)

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What connection does former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau have to this issue? (Ring of Fire)

(Answer: Vince Beiser echoed Trudeau’s statement that Trump’s interest in annexing Canada is motivated by the need for critical minerals.)

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How does the U.S.’s inability to produce enough of its own critical minerals influence trade tensions with Canada?

(Answer: The U.S. relies on Canada’s mineral resources for national security, renewable energy, and digital technology, leading to trade policies like reduced tariffs on energy materials.)

What kind of legal challenges are being raised against Ontario’s mining sector?

(Answer: Lawsuits related to the duty to consult First Nations, challenges to the province’s online claim staking program, and regulatory process issues.)

What precedent-setting legal case might impact future mining developments in the Ring of Fire?

(Answer: An Anishinaabe First Nation in Quebec recently won a federal court case that could strengthen consultation obligations under UNDRIP.)

Who conducted the study on screen time and language development? a) Scientists from Canada and the U.S. b) Scientists from Australia and the U.K. c) Scientists from the World Health Organization (WHO) d) Scientists from JAMA Pediatrics

b) Scientists from Australia and the U.K.

What age group of children was observed in the study? a) 6-18 months b) 12-36 months c) 24-48 months d) 36-60 months

b) 12-36 months

How often were families checked in on during the study? a) Every 3 months b) Every 6 months c) Once a year d) Weekly

Answer: b) Every 6 months

What technology was used to measure children’s language environments? a) EEG brain scanners b) Smartwatches c) Language Environment Analysis (LENA) technology d) Mobile phone tracking apps

Answer: c) Language Environment Analysis (LENA) technology

What is another name for the LENA technology used in the study? a) Speech Analyzer b) Talk Pedometer c) Digital Sound Meter d) Infant Linguistic Recorder

Answer: b) Talk Pedometer

According to the study, what was the impact of one extra minute of screen time beyond WHO guidelines at 36 months of age? a) No noticeable effect b) Reduction of 6.6 adult words, 4.9 child vocalizations, and 1.1 fewer parent-child interactions c) Increase in the child’s vocabulary but fewer interactions d) More screen time led to improved listening skills

Answer: b) Reduction of 6.6 adult words, 4.9 child vocalizations, and 1.1 fewer parent-child interactions

What does “technoference” refer to? a) The benefits of educational technology for language learning b) The interference of technology in parent-child interactions c) A child’s ability to use technology for early learning d) A medical condition related to excessive screen time

Answer: b) The interference of technology in parent-child interactions

Which of the following issues has excessive screen time been linked to in later life? a) Improved memory and focus b) Obesity, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety c) Increased socialization and intelligence d) Enhanced speech development

Answer: b) Obesity, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety

What does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend regarding screen time for children under two years old? a) No screen time, except for video calls b) Up to 30 minutes per day c) Up to one hour per day d) No restrictions on screen time

Answer: a) No screen time, except for video calls

What screen time limit does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend for children aged two to five? a) No screen time b) Less than an hour per day c) Two hours per day d) No specific recommendation

Answer: b) Less than an hour per day

What is “interactive co-viewing,” as recommended in the article? a) Parents limiting their child’s screen time to educational content b) Watching content together and discussing it to encourage language development c) Allowing children to use devices freely for learning purposes d) Using video games to improve speech skills

Answer: b) Watching content together and discussing it to encourage language development

In what country was the study conducted?

Answer: Australia

What years did the study take place?

Answer: 2018-2021

What four aspects of a child’s environment did LENA technology measure?

Answer: Screen time, child vocalizations, parent-child interactions, and the number of adult words spoken around the child.

How many Australian families participated in the study?

Answer: 220 families

Why is face-to-face interaction important for young children, according to the study?

Answer: It supports language acquisition, social and emotional growth, IQ, and brain development.

How did researchers collect data on children’s language environments? a) By observing children in daycare centers b) By analyzing video recordings of daily interactions c) By asking parents to manually track screen time and speech interactions d) By using LENA technology to record 16-hour audio environments

Answer: d) By using LENA technology to record 16-hour audio environments

How frequently did families record their child’s audio environment using LENA technology? a) Daily b) Weekly c) Every six months d) Once a year

Answer: c) Every six months

What specific language-related impacts were observed at 36 months of age with increased screen time? a) Faster vocabulary growth b) More advanced speech but fewer interactions c) Reduction in adult words spoken, child vocalizations, and parent-child interactions d) No measurable effect

Answer: c) Reduction in adult words spoken, child vocalizations, and parent-child interactions

What is the World Health Organization’s recommended daily screen time limit for children aged 36 months? a) 30 minutes b) 1 hour c) 2 hours d) No set limit

Answer: b) 1 hour

Which of the following was NOT measured by the LENA “talk pedometer”? a) Number of adult words spoken b) Screen time duration c) Child’s emotional state d) Parent-child interactions

Answer: c) Child’s emotional state

Besides language development, what other negative effects has excessive screen time been linked to in later life? a) Higher IQ scores b) Increased likelihood of obesity, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety c) Improved ability to multitask d) Faster reading comprehension

Answer: b) Increased likelihood of obesity, sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety

How does screen time impact the number of adult words spoken around a child at 36 months of age? a) Every extra minute of screen time beyond the WHO guideline reduces 6.6 adult words b) Screen time increases adult word exposure c) No correlation between screen time and adult word usage d) The study only measured child vocalizations, not adult words

Answer: a) Every extra minute of screen time beyond the WHO guideline reduces 6.6 adult words

What broader issue does the study contribute to discussing? a) The impact of bilingualism on child development b) The dangers of cyberbullying in early childhood c) “Technoference,” or technology interfering with parent-child interactions d) The effectiveness of early literacy apps

Answer: c) “Technoference,” or technology interfering with parent-child interactions

What are the four key factors measured by the LENA technology in the study?

Answer: Screen time, child vocalizations, parent-child interactions, and the number of adult words spoken.

How does “interactive co-viewing” help mitigate the negative effects of screen time? a) It reduces screen time usage by 50% b) It allows children to learn language through shared discussion and engagement c) It replaces screen time with reading activities d) It prevents children from becoming addicted to screens

Answer: b) It allows children to learn language through shared discussion and engagement

According to the study, what is the best way for toddlers to learn vocabulary? a) Watching educational TV programs b) Conversing face-to-face with adults c) Listening to audiobooks d) Using language-learning apps

Answer: b) Conversing face-to-face with adults

How does excessive screen time reduce opportunities for language development?

Answer: It leads to fewer adult words spoken around the child, fewer child vocalizations, and fewer parent-child interactions, all of which are crucial for learning language.

What is the primary recommendation for parents to minimize the negative effects of screen time on language development?

Answer: Engage in interactive co-viewing, where parents watch and discuss content with their child to promote early language development.

What is the Canadian Paediatric Society’s recommendation for screen time for children under two years old?

Answer: No screen time, except for video calls with family members.

What was the main conclusion of the study regarding screen time and spoken language development?

Answer: Increased screen time is associated with fewer adult words spoken around children, fewer child vocalizations, and reduced parent-child interactions, impacting language development.

Why is parent-child interaction crucial during early childhood?

Answer: It helps develop language skills, social and emotional growth, IQ, and brain development.

What alternative method will the Conservative Party offer to allow reporters to ask questions remotely? a) Email submissions only b) Full conferencing services c) Pre-recorded Q&A sessions d) Social media livestream interactions

(Answer: b) Full conferencing services

Which media outlet has Poilievre had a tense relationship with? a) Global News b) CTV News c) CBC News d) National Post

(Answer: c) CBC News

What type of media access will the Conservative Party provide for Pierre Poilievre’s announcements? A party-controlled “professional-grade feed” Independent media livestreams Open press conferences with unrestricted media access Only written transcripts released after events

A party-controlled “professional-grade feed”

What major policy has Poilievre vowed to implement if elected? Increasing federal funding for public broadcasting Expanding media access to government events Imposing stricter press regulations Defunding CBC

(Answer: b) Defunding CBC

What recent event has contributed to the slump in Conservative public support? A major economic recession in Canada U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff threats and 51st state taunts A scandal involving a Conservative MP A policy shift in the Conservative Party

U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff threats and 51st state taunts

What steps has the Conservative Party taken to manage media coverage of Pierre Poilievre’s campaign events?

(Answer: The party will provide “full conferencing services” for remote reporter participation and a party-controlled “professional-grade feed” for broadcasters who cannot send a camera.)

Why has Poilievre had a strained relationship with some members of the media?

(Answer: He has denounced some journalists from the Parliamentary Press Gallery and has vowed to defund CBC if elected.)

When is the next federal election expected to take place?

(Answer: Late April or early May, following an expected call from Prime Minister Mark Carney.)

How did public support for the Conservative Party change in recent months, and what was one contributing factor?

(Answer: Support declined after months of leading in public opinion polls, partially due to U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff threats and 51st state taunts.)

What reason did the Conservative Party give for offering a party-controlled “professional-grade feed” of Poilievre’s announcements? To provide broadcasters with access if they can’t send a camera To prevent misinformation from being spread To limit media scrutiny of Poilievre’s statements To allow only select journalists to report on the campaign

To provide broadcasters with access if they can’t send a camera

Who is expected to call the upcoming federal election? a) Pierre Poilievre b) Jenni Byrne c) Prime Minister Mark Carney d) The Governor General of Canada

(Answer: c) Prime Minister Mark Carney

How long did Poilievre’s Conservative Party lead in public opinion polls before their support began to decline? a) A few weeks b) They never had a lead in the polls c) Over a year d)Several months

(Answer: d) Several months

What has been one of Poilievre’s major criticisms of the media? a) Some journalists in the Parliamentary Press Gallery are biased b) They are too focused on international politics c) They do not provide enough coverage of his campaign events S d) They refuse to report on Conservative policies

(Answer: a) Some journalists in the Parliamentary Press Gallery are biased

What is one possible effect of the Conservative Party’s decision to control media access to Poilievre’s events?

(Answer: It may limit direct media scrutiny of Poilievre’s statements and policies, while giving the party more control over how information is shared.)

What phrase was used in the summary to describe Poilievre’s relationship with some media outlets?

(Answer: “Fractious relationship”)

What alternative did Byrne propose for journalists who may not be able to attend Poilievre’s events in person?

(Answer: They will receive “full conferencing services” to ask questions remotely.)

What two specific factors were mentioned as contributing to the decline in Conservative support?

(Answer: U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff threats and 51st state taunts.)

Who would be affected by the extended ban on religious symbols under Bill 94? a) Only teachers and principals b) Teachers, principals, and students c) All public school staff, volunteers, and some students d) Only government officials working in schools

c) All public school staff, volunteers, and some students

What is the primary change proposed by Bill 94? a) Banning religious schools in Quebec b) Extending the ban on religious symbols to all school staff and volunteers c) Prohibiting religious instruction in public schools d) Requiring all students to wear uniforms

b) Extending the ban on religious symbols to all school staff and volunteers

How does the bill address face coverings for students? a) It bans face coverings for all students in schools b) It allows them only for religious purposes c) It applies only to private schools d) It allows them if parents provide written consent

Answer: a) It bans face coverings for all students in schools

Which of the following groups have spoken out against Bill 94? a) The Quebec government b) The Supreme Court of Canada c) The Parti Québécois d) Muslim groups and labor unions

Answer: d) Muslim groups and labor unions

What justification did Education Minister Bernard Drainville provide for Bill 94? a) To promote cultural diversity in schools b) To strengthen secularism and uphold Quebec’s values c) To reduce school spending on religious accommodations d) To increase religious tolerance in public schools

Answer: b) To strengthen secularism and uphold Quebec’s values

Which legal mechanism is the Quebec government using to prevent constitutional challenges to Bill 94? a) The Canadian Human Rights Act b) The Charter of Quebec Values c) The Notwithstanding Clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms d) The Supreme Court’s ruling on religious symbols

The Notwithstanding Clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

How did the Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN) respond to Bill 94? a) They supported it as a step toward a more unified education system b) They remained neutral on the issue c) They requested religious exemptions for certain employees d) They called it an attack on workers’ fundamental rights

Answer: d) They called it an attack on workers’ fundamental rights

Why has McGill law professor Pearl Eliadis criticized Bill 94? a) She believes it is too expensive to implement b) She supports it as a necessary measure for secularism c) She claims it doesn’t go far enough in restricting religious symbols d) She argues it violates the Canadian Constitution

d) She argues it violates the Canadian Constitution

Which political motivation has been suggested as a reason for introducing Bill 94? a) To compete with the Parti Québécois on identity and language issues b) To attract votes from religious minority communities c) To strengthen support for the Parti Québécois d) To align with federal government policies on secularism

a) To compete with the Parti Québécois on identity and language issues

How often would teachers be evaluated under Bill 94? a) Every five years b) Annually c) Once at the start of employment d) Only if complaints arise

B) Annually

What additional language-related rule does Bill 94 propose for French-language schools? a) All subjects must be taught in French b) Students must pass a French proficiency test before graduating c) Employees must speak only in French with students and staff d) Teachers must be fluent in at least two languages

Employees must speak only in French with students and staff

. What argument did Sol Zanetti of Québec Solidaire use to oppose Bill 94? a) Secularism is determined by a person’s beliefs, not their clothing b) The bill does not go far enough in restricting religious influence in schools c) Religious symbols have no impact on secularism d) The bill is unnecessary because religious influence in schools is already low

Answer: a) Secularism is determined by a person’s beliefs, not their clothing

How does the Canadian Council of Muslim Women view Bill 94? a) As a necessary measure to protect secularism b) As a positive step toward multiculturalism c) As a neutral policy change that won’t impact many people d) As a violation of women’s rights and freedom of expression

As a violation of women’s rights and freedom of expression

What reasoning did Bernard Drainville give for extending the religious symbols ban to support staff and volunteers?

Answer: He stated that Quebec schools must respect the “values of Quebec” and maintain a separation between religion and the state.

What provision does Bill 94 include to address concerns from existing school staff who wear religious symbols?

Answer: The bill includes a historical clause allowing staff already in their positions to continue wearing religious symbols.

According to Bernard Drainville, how many students currently wear full face veils in Quebec schools? a) None b) He did not know the exact number c) More than 50 d) Fewer than 10

Answer: b) He did not know the exact number

Which of the following religious symbols would be prohibited for school staff and volunteers under Bill 94? a) Only Christian symbols b) Only headscarves and turbans c) Any visible religious symbols, including kippas and hijabs d) None, as the bill applies only to students

Answer: c) Any visible religious symbols, including kippas and hijabs

Why do some critics argue that Bill 94 is politically motivated?

Answer: Critics suggest that the ruling Coalition Avenir Québec is trying to strengthen its position against the rising popularity of the Parti Québécois, which has focused on identity and language issues.

How did the Quebec government justify using the notwithstanding clause for Bill 94?

Answer: The government used the notwithstanding clause to prevent constitutional challenges, as it did with Bill 21, because they anticipate that the bill could be ruled unconstitutional.

What is the primary concern of labor unions regarding Bill 94?

Answer: Labor unions argue that the bill enforces discriminatory dress codes and infringes on workers’ fundamental rights.