Week 4- Male Urogenital Flashcards
termination of the urethra is on the ventral (bottom) surface of the
penis
hypospadias
disorders that go along with hypospadias
-cryptorchidism [undescended testes]
-chordee [ventral bowing of the penis]
-inguinal hernia
opening of the urethra is on the dorsal or upper surface
of the penis
epispadias
-often associated with exstrophy of the bladder
phimosis
foreskin can’t retract
=tx= circumcision
-risk of penis cancer
paraphimosis
foreskin can’t return back into place
-so tight and constricted that it cannot cover
the glans
acute or chronic inflammation of the glans penis (tip of penis)
balantis
balanoposthitis
infammation of the glans and prepuce (foreskin)
-predisposes to bacterial growth in the accumulated
secretions and smegma (white sticky substance)
chronic, sclerosing, atrophic process of the glans penis
that occurs in uncircumcised men
balanitis xerotica obliterans
balanitis xerotica obliterans sxs
-whitish plaques on the surface of the glans penis and
the prepuce
-foreskin is thickened, fibrous and not retractable
-treatment= circumcision and topical corticosteroids
Peyronie disease
-progressivee fibrosis plaque formation
-affects the tunica albuginea
-causes upward bowing of penis
organic causes of erectile dysfunction
neurogenic disorders
hormonal causes
vascular
drugs
involuntary, prolonged [>4 hours], abnormal, and painful erection
priapism
-unrelated to sexual stimulation
-emergency
-can lead to ischemia/fibrosis
most common cancer of penis
squamous cell
-more common in uncircumcised men
cryptorchidism
-undescended testes
-1 or btpoh
-usually unilateral
hydrocele
fluid filled sac around testicle
excess fluid collects between the layers of the tunica vaginalis [parietal and visceral serous pouch]
spermatocele
painless, sperm-containing cyst in epididymis
varicocele
-enlargement of veins in scrotum
varicosities of the pampiniform plexus
-L side more common
twisting of the spermatic cord that suspends the testis
testicular torsion
most common acute scrotal disorder in pediatric and young adult population
testicular torsion
orchitis
infection of testes
links to squamous cell cancers of the scrotum
-tar, soot, oil exposrure
-poor hygiene and chronic inflammation
-PUVA (UV light chemo treatment)
-HPV
strongest risk for testiculkar cancer
CRYPTOCHIDISM (UNDESCENDED TESTES)
first signs of testicular cancer
-slight enlargement of the testicle
-ache in the abdomen or groin
-sensation of dragging or heaviness in the scrotum
-pain may be experienced in later stages as the tumor grows rapidly with hemorrhaging
benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]
-age-related, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland
-uncommon in men less than 40
-very common in elderly
digital rectal examination findings BPH vs cancer
BPH → large, palpable prostate with a smooth, rubbery surface
prostate cancer → hardened areas of the prostate gland
BPH treatment
watchful waiting
pharmacologic management
surgical removal (transurethral TURP)
3rd most common cancer in men
prostate
account for 98% of all primary prostate cancers
adenocarcinomas
-in the peripheral zones of the prostate
-may spread to bladder
prostate cancer sxs
urgency, frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, dysuria, hematuria, or blood in the ejaculate
-rectal exam- feels nodular and fixed
-high PSA
