Week 4 - Local Environmental Determinants

Question 1

What are some risk factors for malaria?

Answer 1

Climate change (Rainfall + temp), still water, housing

Question 2

What are some risk factors for tuberculosis?

Answer 2

Poor housing, overcrowding, poor ventilation, low immune system

Question 3

What are some risk factors for COPD?

Answer 3

Tobacco smoke, poor air pollution, occupational dust and chemicals

Question 4

What temperature are we aiming to keep global warming under?

Answer 4

1.5 degrees C

Question 5

What is the difference between weather, climate variability, and climate change?

Answer 5

Weather is the way the atmosphere is behaving with respect to its effect on life and human activities in the short term (minutes to months)

Climate variability refers to variations in the mean state and other statistics. Periodic chances e.g. el Nino and la Nina

Climate change refer to a change in the state of the climate that typically lasts decades or longer.

Question 6

What are some vector-related viruses and diseases that would be affected by climate change?

Answer 6

Malaria, dengue, encephalitis, lyme disease

Question 7

What are some diseases that are impacted by climate change?

Answer 7

Cholera, leptospirosis, campylobacter

Question 8

Describe the climate related issues relating to water salinity in Bangladesh

Answer 8

Water quality in some coastal regions of Bandladesh is being affected.

Increased salinity due to rising sea levels and degradation of the landscape due to poor use of the land

Salt can make water undrinkable

Salt corrodes metal, meaning pumps may stop working

Leads to less access to clean water

Question 9

What three factors affect the model of transmission?

Answer 9

Hosts
Environment
Infectious agents

Question 10

What are the two main global response strategies towards climate change?

Answer 10

Mitigation — focus on reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions
Adaption — focus on changing the way we live our lives to minimise the impacts of climate change

Question 11

What are some examples of things humans must adapt to in regards to climate change?

Answer 11

Floods in Jedda and Saudi Arabia
Droughts in the Phillippines

Question 12

What are SDGs?

Answer 12

Sustainable development goals: a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all

Question 13

List some examples of SDGs

Answer 13

No poverty
Zero hunger
Clean water and sanitation
Climate action
Gender equality