Week 4 - Learning Flashcards
In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behaviour it follows.
Ex. Sheldon trains Penny
Operant Conditioning
Positive outcome of a behaviour ex. reward for picking up toys
Positive Reinforcement
Removal of a negative stimulus as an outcome of behaviour
Ex. ending a time out
Negative Reinforcement
Learning associations between environmental stimuli
and behavioural responses
Conditioning
The tendency of an organism to become familiar with a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure
Habituation
occurs when our response to an event increases rather than decreases with repeated exposure.
Sensitisation
Involuntary behaviour. A behavioural procedure in which a biologically potent physiological stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a neutral stimulus.
Ex. Pavolv’s dogs
Classical Conditioning
An automatic, non-voluntary, response to a stimulus.
Ex. drool
Unconditioned Response (UR)
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Ex. hungry when you hear a bell
Conditioned Response (CR)
A stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response.
Ex. sound of bell
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (ex. salvation) to an unconditioned stimulus (ex. such as food in mouth).
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Reinforcement after a regular number of responses.
Ex. dog treat for dog sitting
Fixed Ratio (FR)
Reinforcement after a fixed number of responses.
Eg. answer 5 questions to get an early mark
Variable Ratio (VR)
Reinforcement for producing the response at least once after a specified about of time.
Ex. Cheap movie tickets every Tuesday
Fixed Interval (FI)
Reinforcement for producing the response after an average time interval, with the actual interval varying randomly.
Ex. petrol prices
Variable Interval (VI)
The addition of a positive stimulus after a behaviour makes the behaviour more likely to occur in the future.
Ex. eating chocolate makes you feel good
Positive Reinforcement
The addition of a negative stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future.
Ex. Time out for being naughty
Positive Punishment
The of removal a positive stimulus after a behaviour reduces the likelihood of the behaviour occurring in the future.
Ex. license taken for speeding
Negative Punishment
Any outcome that strengthens the probability of a response
Reinforcement
Outcome or consequence of a behaviour that weakens the probability of the behaviour
Punishment
Learning that is not directly observable
Latent Learning
Learning by watching
Observational Learning
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
