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TERM 4 N2260 SKILLS 4 > WEEK 4 IV THERAPY > Flashcards

WEEK 4 IV THERAPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for IV solutions that contain solutes that mix, dissolve, and cross semipermeable membranes?

A

Crystalloids

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2
Q

What is the term for IV solutions that contain protein or starch, and do not cross semi-permeable membranes?

A

Colloids

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3
Q

Name 4 examples of crystalloid solutions

A

Dextrose, NS, Lactated ringers, plasmalyte

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4
Q

Name 4 examples of colloid solutions

A

Dextran, pentaspan, hetastarch, blood products

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5
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of crystalloid solutions?

A

3x volume required for fluid replacement
Shorter half life

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6
Q

What is one advantage of crystalloid solutions?

A

Inexpensive

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7
Q

What are 2 advantages to colloid solutions?

A

Replaces fluid volume for volume
Longer half life

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8
Q

What is one disadvantage of colloid solutions?

A

More expensive

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9
Q

What fluid compartment is affected by isotonic solutions?

A

Extracellular fluid

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10
Q

Name 3 examples of isotonic solutions

A

Ringer’s, NS, D5

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11
Q

What fluid shift is caused by hypotonic solutions, and for what purpose is this used?

A

From extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid; maintenance fluid

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12
Q

What is the risk with hypotonic solutions?

A

Cell swelling

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13
Q

Name one example of a hypotonic solution

A

NS 0.45

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14
Q

What fluid shift is expected with hypertonic solutions, and for what purpose is it used?

A

From intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid; used to treat hypovolemia and hyponatremia

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15
Q

What are 2 risks associated with hypertonic solutions?

A

Intravascular fluid overload and intracellular dehydration

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16
Q

Name 2 examples of hypertonic solutions

A

Dextrose 10%, NS 3%

17
Q

What is the purpose of plasma expanders?

A

Increase osmotic pressure

18
Q

Why does hypokalemia develop in patients with normal renal function who are NPO?

A

The body cannot conserve potassium

19
Q

Why is knowing renal function important when administering potassium?

A

Risk for hyperkalemia

20
Q

How should potassium always be administered?

A

By IV pump and never IV push

21
Q

How is placement of a central venous catheter confirmed?

A

X-ray

22
Q

What are 2 things langara students can do with central lines?

A

Assess
Manage fluids/medications above the pump

23
Q

What are 3 principles to remember when choosing an IV site?

A
  1. In children and older adults, avoid sites that are easily moved/bumped
  2. Avoid arm on same side as mastectomy or AVG for dialysis
  3. Place at most distal site possible to allow for use of proximal sites later
24
Q

What are 2 risks with an infusion rate that is too slow?

A
  1. CVS compromise/collapse
  2. Clot formation/loss of IV site
25
Q

What is the term for inadvertent administration of fluids into the tissues surrounding the blood vessel?

A

Infiltration

26
Q

What is the term for inadvertent administration of medication/irritating substances into the tissues surrounding the blood vessel?

A

Extravasation

27
Q

What are 6 symptoms of infiltration/extravasation?

A
  1. Pallor
  2. Swelling
  3. Pain
  4. Skin cool to touch (one sided only)
  5. Damp dressing
  6. Slowed infusion rate
28
Q

What are 5 things done to treat infiltration/extravasation?

A
  1. Stop infusion, remove catheter
  2. Elevate extremity
  3. Active ROM
  4. Warm/cold compress
  5. Restart infusion proximal to site or in other extremity
29
Q

What are 2 things done to prevent infiltration/extravasation?

A
  1. Choose site and catheter carefully
  2. Secure catheter well
30
Q

What are 3 symptoms of phlebitis that differ from symptoms of infiltration?

A
  1. Increased skin temperature
  2. Erythema
  3. Red line along vessel with palpable band
31
Q

What are 3 things done to prevent phlebitis?

A
  1. Rotate sites every 7-8 days
  2. Avoid lower extremities
  3. Hand hygiene and surgical asepsis
32
Q

What should be done at an IV site with phlebitis that has drainage present?

A

Swab for culture

33
Q

How is cellulitis different from phlebitis?

A

Cellulitis is bacterial infection to the skin while phlebitis is irritation to the blood vessel

34
Q

How is catheter embolus prevented?

A

Never reinsert stylet into catheter

35
Q

How often should site to source checks be performed?

A

q1h

36
Q

What are advantages of administering medications via minibag?

A
  1. Medication diluted - decreased risk of adverse reaction
  2. Good for medications with short stability
  3. Good for clients with fluid restrictions
37
Q

About what rate is considered TKVO?

A

25 ml/hr

TERM 4 N2260 SKILLS 4 (10 decks)

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