WEEK 4: INFLUENCES ON PUBLIC POLICY

Question 1

What is Leichtner’s framework?

Answer 1

• situational factors
• structural factors
• cultural factors
• environmental factors

Question 2

What are Leichtner’s situational factors?

Answer 2

• sudden/violent events
• transient or one-time
• allows for policies previously not possible
• enables govt to introduce policy changes leading to innovations or other policy responses that might otherwise be unacceptable to public or usually dominant groups
  EXAMPLES:
• 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, WW2, COVID

Question 3

What are Leichtner’s structural factors?

Answer 3

• more permanent than situational
• change in leadership
  EXAMPLES:
• political leadership, demographics, social characteristics

Question 4

What are Leichtner’s cultural factors?

Answer 4

• customs, arts, social institutions, symbols, language, norms, values, achievements of a particular nation, people, other social grouo
  EXAMPLES:
• attitude towards govt, role of the state, religious teachings

Question 5

What are Leichtner’s environmental factors?

Answer 5

• external/international factors
  EXAMPLES:
• NAFTA regulations, loss of manufacturing jobs

Question 6

What is Easton’s framework?

Answer 6

• inputs
• govt institutions
• outputs

Question 7

What are the inputs of Easton’s framework?

Answer 7

• values
• demands
• support
• resources

Question 8

What are the outputs of Easton’s framework?

Answer 8

• goods and services provided by govt
• includes health care
• may be micro, meso, macro level policies

Question 9

What are the govt institutions of Easton’s framework?

Answer 9

• social democratic = equity, universalism, resources, state
• neoliberal = liberty, residual, needs, market

Question 10

What are the key influences on public policy process?

Answer 10

• civil society
• advocacy groups
• health coalitions and professional associations
• media
• political ideology
• corporate sector

Question 11

What is the U.S Affordable Care Act of 2010?

Answer 11

• AKA Obamacare
• insurance regulations: pre-existing conditions provision, ban on annual and lifetime coverage caps, cap on annual out-of-pocket costs
• individual mandate with premium subsidies
• employer mandate

Question 12

How do Americans pay for their healthcare?

Answer 12

• private insurance
• medicaid
• medicare
• veterans administration
• out of pocket