Week 4: Health in Aging Flashcards
What are the requirements for ethical theory
- Epistemological Requirements
2.Logical Requirements - Practical Requirement
Epistemological Requirements
-based on evidence, accountable to evidence
Logical Requirements
-consistent, Murder different from self defence, you can say do not kill but you have to be all in
Practical Requirement
-Must be livable
-ought implies can
If you cant execute it, you cant propose it as an idea
What are the three ethical theories
- Utilitarianism
- Deontology
- Principlism
Utilitarianism
based on the principle of utility- one should always act in such a way as to bring about the greatest good and the least harm for the greatest number of people- every action you take, should focus on promoting greatest good to greatest number, if harm minimise # of people and the harm
What are examples of Prominent Utilitarians
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
What does Bentham’s version of good equal
Pleasure
Pleasure principle
If it feels good, you should do it for the greatest number of people
Felicific Calculus
Add up the positives (pleasure-inducing, “hedons”) on one side, subtract the negatives (pain-inducing, “delors”) and if the total is 1 or higher, it is good. The higher the number, the better it is.
What is Mills version of good equal
Happiness
True or False: Mill claims that secondary (applied) morality (don’t steal), can come from the principle of utility
True
Rules
syllabus/academic calendar, specific/you must or must not do the following, come out of principles
Principles
statement of essential value that must payed attention to in your behaviour
What are the different ways of applying the principle of utility
Act, Rule
Act
determine if giving money to him/her will promote the good
+ you can evaluate the evidence first-hand
- gives people the chance to not do what is good (through false claims)
Rule
sharing money with the poor is good.
+ universal – no one can wimp out of doing what is good
- doesn’t allow for unique circumstances (rules don’t allow for exceptions)
True or False: Utilitarianism is different than egosim
True
Deontology
Emphasis is on duty and principles, not on outcomes
Categorical imperative
“Act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”
… Ill do this, so everyone else should do it too
Practical imperative
“Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only.”
Opposite of..
Go to get coffee to get coffee, but not to build a relationship with cashiers but she slips and gets injured but we still don’t have the coffee..
Using people as means to yourself and not really for yourself
True of false: outcome is what matters not adherence to duty
False: Outcome is not what matters, its adherence to duty!
Categorical imperative for lying
lying is wrong because you could not universalize lying as good
Practial imperative for lying
lying deprives the parents of their entitled role and treats them as a means to the end (supportive family, and comfortable death)
What are the fundamental principles of good action (deontologists agree on)
- Principle of autonomy & respect for persons
- Principle of impossibility
- Principle of equality & justice
- Principle of beneficence
- Principle of Non-Malfeasance
Principle of Autonomy & Respect for Persons
- you have the right to self-determination
- only infringed when you use that right to violate others right to self-determination
Principle of Impossibility
- rights & duties are void if they are impossible (duty to save the life of the terminal patient)
Principle of Fidelity or Right Action
- you have a duty to discharge your obligations to the best of your abilities
- fidelity (adhering to the assigned mission)
Principle of Equality & Justice
- doing your duty without discrimination to others
Principle of Beneficence
do good things
Principle of Non-Malfeasance
do no harm
Practical imperative for lying
lying deprives the parents of their entitled role and treats them as a means to the end (supportive family, and comfortable death)
