week 4: Gold Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

Why are metals electrically conductive

A

The e- don’t bond to a specific atom, but float freely around in the metal

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2
Q

What is a dislocation

A

a defect in the attic structure in which few ions in a layer are missing

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3
Q

what characteristics about grains control the mechanical properties of a metal

A

Grain size and shape

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4
Q

How does Grain boundaries impact the slipping or dislocation of a crystal lattice

A

They stop the progression of dislocations

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5
Q

Describe the impact of a high concentration of grain boundaries will have on the metals physical properties

A

increase the hardness
increase the yield strength
increase stiffness
increase brittleness (less Ductile)

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6
Q

How will heat and rapid cooling impact the grain boundaries produced in metals

A

Heat will increase the size, but decrease the number of grain boundaries

Rapid cooling will increase the # but decrease the size of boundaries.

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7
Q

Provide an example of a noble and base metal

A

Noble: gold, palladium, platinum
Base: titanium, nickle, copper, silver, zinc

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8
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of pure gold

A

Advantages
- Corrosion resistant
- No cement needed

Disadvantages
- Low rigidity and elastic limit
- High cost

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9
Q

Indications for pure gold

A

Class 1 Restoration in (low) occlusal load
Sandwich gold-titanium foils are used for class 2 restorations

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10
Q

What are the 6 Alloy metals/ combinations that are added with gold

A
  1. Copper/silver
  2. zinc
  3. iron
  4. indium
  5. Nickel and cobalt
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11
Q

What are the benefits/reasons they are alloyed with gold (everyone take one)

A

Copper/silver: Hardens and strengthens noble metals

Zinc: low melting point so hardness gold base and prevents oxidation during casting

iron: enhances bonding between ceramic and gold alloys

Indium: encourages small grains

Nickle & Cobalt: used in low cast alloys

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12
Q

what is the minimum gold percentage needed for an alloy.

A

75%

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13
Q

What is the risks associated, if any, with the previous alloy metals

A

Nickle can cause allergic reactions

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14
Q

What are Type 1 Gold Castings used for

A

Inlays
low stress bearing rests with lots of supportive tooth structure.

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15
Q

What are Type 2 Gold Castings used for

A

Inlays or inlays
moderate stress bearing restos
Most common inlay gold material

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16
Q

What are Type 3 Gold Castings used for

A

Inlays, poetics, crown, saddles
high stress bearing restos

17
Q

What are Type 4 Gold Castings used for

A

saddle, crown, bridge, clasps
very high stress bearing restos
partial denture framework

18
Q

Describe palladium

A

excellent corrosion resistance,
Higher melting point than gold
harder then gold

19
Q

Describe platinum

A

higher melting point then palladium
poor mixing capability with gold
high cost

20
Q

what are the 5 important properties of casting metals

A

Solidus(setting temp)
Liquidus(melting temp)
density
yield strength
hardness

21
Q

Describe Solidus, liquids, density and yield strength

A

solidus: important in soldering metal elements and porcelain+metals

liquidus: important in casting procedure

Density: Amount of mass in volume G/mm3
- higher the density the better casting
- noble metals >base metals

yield strengthmaximum stress applied with no plastic deformation
- Base metals>noble metals

Hardness: 125-380 kg/mm3
-enamel = 343kg/mm3

22
Q

what is the highest corrosive alloy combination and its allergy rates

A

nickle+beryllium
8-15%

23
Q

what are wrought alloys and give an example used in dentistry

A

mechanically shaped after the metal is made into a block (endo files, orthodoxy wires, prosto wires)

24
Q

Describe the reaction involved with ceramic and metal bonding

A

Cemical reaction that occurs due to formation of an oxide layer

25
what metals provide the oxide layer
tin, iron, gallium, indium
26
the solidus temple should be _______ then the fusion temp of a ceramic. The ______ should be compatible with the ceramic and metal
higher, Coefficient of thermal expansion
27
describe a flux
cleans and removes the oxide layer from the surface of an alloy
28
describe a solder
group of alloy used to weld metals together
29
what flux is used for gold base alloy and for a base metal alloy
Gold base= borax base metal= potassium fluoride
30
Physical diagnosis relies on info from...
Info from inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation = diagnosis
31
What are some classic expectations of edentulous patients?
restoring speech, rid of wrinkles, eating
32
List the factors you need to consider when diagnosing and treatment planning for edentulous patients. Give examples and the implications of those examples
**M** muscosa: erosive lichen planus, ulceration -> dentures cause to much discomfort to be worn **M** mouth: limiting access ie. arthritis of TMJ, submucous fibrosis and scleroderma-> hard to put in imp. trays, just replicate pre-exisitng set **B** bone metabolism: ex. fibrosis, dysplasia, acromegaly -> changes in jaw makes dentures loose fit quickly **N** neuromuscular: ex. parkinsons, epilepsy, dyskinesia -> accurate jaw relations and denture security is an issue (+ make radio-opaque dentures incase of swallowing) **S** salivary dys: ex. sjogrens disease, radiotherapy -> without saliva get generalised soreness from dentures **I** immunological: ex. allergy -> problems during imp. and PMMA residual monomer, nickle in metal base **D** dentures: ex. cerebral atheroma, stroke -> good control of MOM and facial muscles leads to good denture function therefore defective means dentures act as large forgein body in the mouth
33
What is combination syndrome
Mx = edentulous Md = 6 anterior teeth only (free end saddles) Pressure of teeth against denture in anterior region = bone loss/flabby ridge in mx
34
**What occurs with** - too little - irregular - excessive - normal **alveolar resorbtion**