Week 4: Fertility Flashcards
Define parity.
The number of children a woman has.
What is Parity Progression Ratio (PPR)?
The probability of a woman progressing from one parity to the next
Why are PPRs a useful measure?
Helps us look at differences in the distribution of births across women over time and between populations.
Where do we compute PPRs from?
Marriage or birth cohorts.
Why are PPRs derived from women at the end of their childbearing years?
Women still in childbearing years may move to higher parities.
What is the formula for PPR?
a(o) (probability of women having at least one child) = women with at least 1 CEB/ women with at least 0 CEB
e.g. a(1) (if a woman has 1 CEB, the probability of having at least one more) = women with at least 2 CEB/women with at least 1 CEB
What are the proximate determinants of fertility?
A range of physiological and behavioural factors that intervene to suppress a woman’s lifetime fertility potential.
List the four main determinants of fertility variations between populations.
- Time spent in a sexual union
- Postpartum non-susceptibility
- Birth control
- Permanent sterility
How does time spent in a sexual union affect fertility?
An increase in the mean age of first marriage or reduction in the proportion who marry will lower average time spent in a sexual union – and reduce a populations fertility.
What is postpartum non-susceptibility?
The contraceptive effect of breastfeeding (lactational amenorrhea) and postpartum abstinence from sex.
How does birth control affect fertility?
Contraception and abortion can be used to DELAY next birth (spacing behaviour) and also to stop further childbearing once desired number of children (parity) has been reached (stopping behaviour).
Define parity-specific regulation.
Mass use of contraception for parity-specific regulation is a feature of fertility transitions to a small family norm.
Define natural fertility.
Fertility in the absence of any parity specific control behaviour.
Describe the proximate determinants model of fertility.
The model identifies a hypothetical maximum number of births a women would have in the absence of any of the proximate determinants (i.e if there was universal marriage, no breastfeeding/postpartum abstinence, no contraception, no abortion).
What is the Total Fecundity Rate (TF)?
The hypothetical maximum number of births a women would have in the absence of any of the proximate determinants.
