week 4: exchange

Question 1

reciprocity

Answer 1

exchanging goods and services of roughly equal value
All economic systems; primary exchanges in foraging, horticultural, and pastoral societies
Three types: generalized, balanced, negative

Question 2

redistribution

Answer 2

Centralized accumulation and subsequent redistribution
Some foragers, more common in horticultural and pastoral societies; visible sometimes in agricultural and industrial societies

Question 3

market exchanges

Answer 3

Sale of goods and services
Signature exchange of agricultural and industrial societies

Question 4

economic anthropology

Answer 4

encompasses the production, exchange, consumption, meaning, and uses of both material objects and immaterial services, whereas contemporary economics focuses primarily on market exchanges

Question 5

reciprocity: generalized

Answer 5

• Two parties
  
  • Little concern for balance or gain
  • Usually a delay in completing the exchange
  • People who know each other
  • Often family
    Always come with an expectation for a return

Question 6

reciprocity: balanced

Answer 6

• Two parties
  
  • More concern for balance
  • Don’t always know each other
  • Less personal
    Return is still expected and a relationship is established or maintained

Question 7

reciprocity: negative

Answer 7

• Often considered an attempt to get something for nothing
  § Ex: theft, exploitation, bartering, gifting
  Often unpersonal but sometimes highly personal