Week 4 - Endocrine part 1 Flashcards
Function of ADH
Increases permeability of distal renal tubules and collecting ducts → increased water reabsorption into blood → increased concentration of urine and reducing serum osmolality
What increases ADH secretion
Increased plasma osmolality
decreased intravascular volume, as monitored by baroreceptors in the L atrium, in the carotid arteries, and in the aortic arches
-Stress, trauma, pain, exercise, nausea, nicotine, exposure to heat, and certain drugs (e.g., morphine) increase ADH secretion
ALSO mediated by cholinergic (PNS) and adrenergic (SNS) neurotransmitters
What decreases ADH levels?
decreased plasma osmolality, increased intravascular volume, HTN, alcohol ingestion, and increased estrogen, progesterone, angiotensin II levels
Function of PTH
works on the bone, gut and kidney to Increase calcium and decrease phosphate
What is secreted by Alpha and Beta cells?
Alpha cells → secrete glucagon
Beta cells → secrete insulin and amylin
What does Glucagon do
- antagonistic to the effects of insulin → acts to increase blood glucose during fasting, exercise, and hypoglycemia
Acts primarily in the liver → stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in muscle and lipolysis in adipose tissue
Release is stimulated by low glucose levels, sympathetic stimulation, and certain amino acids
Inhibited by high glucose levels
Function of insulin
Insulin - anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, primarily in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue
stimulated by increase in blood levels of glucose
Also stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, usually before eating a meal
Function of Amylin
peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli; prevents hyperglycemia
Regulates blood glucose concentration by delaying gastric emptying and suppressing glucagon secretion after meals
Has a satiety effect → reduces food intake
