Week 4 Drugs Flashcards
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Class
Phenothiazine; anti-psychotic: major tranquilizer
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Mechanism of Action
It is a dopamine antagonist, additionally possessing antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, and antihistiminergic properties. Works on a variety of receptors in the CNS, causing sedation and anxiety reduction. Has anti-emetic properties.
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Indications
Acute behavioral emergency, nausea and vomiting.
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Contraindications
Coma, presence of sedatives
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Adverse Reactions
(Side Effects)
amnesia, constipation, extrapyramidal (dystonic) reactions, hypotension, impaired glucose tolerance, memory loss, restlessness, sedation, tardive’s dyskinesia,
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Drug Interactions
Intensifies the actions of other CNS depressants such as tranquilizers, benzodiazepines, narcotics, antihistimines, and barbiturates.
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Dosage and Administration
Adult
Adult: 25-100 mg IM
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Dosage and Administration
Pediatric
Pediatric: 0.5 mg/kg
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Duration of Acton
Onset
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Chlorpromazine
(Thorazine)
Duration of Action
Duration
Duration: 4-6 hours
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Class
Inotropic agent, cardiac glycoside, antiarrhythmic
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Mechanism of Action
Rapid-acting cardiac glycoside with direct and indirect effects that increase the force of myocardial contraction, increase refractory period of the AV node (slows AV conduction), and increase cardiac output.
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Indications
CHF, rapid atrial arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation/flutter
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Contraindications
V-fib, digitalis toxicity, hypersensitivity to digoxin
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Adverse Reactions
(Side effects)
Arrhythmas, blurred yellow or green vision, confusion, headache, nausea, seizures, skin rash and weakness
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Drug Interactions
These drugs cause and increase in serum digoxin by 50 to 70%
-Amiodarone, verapamil, and quinidine may increase serum digoxin concentrations by 50 – 70%.
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Dosage and administration:
Adult
Loading dose of 0.25-0.50 mg IV
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Dosage and administration:
Pediatric
Rarely used
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Duration of action:
Onset
Onset: 5 – 30 minutes IV
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Duration of action:
Peak Effect
Peak effect: 30 – 120 minutes
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Duration of action:
Duration
Duration: Several days
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Special Considerations
Patients receiving digoxin must be placed on a cardiac monitor. Patients with chronic renal failure are prone to digoxin toxicity. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and hypercalcemia potentiate digitalis toxicity.
Thiamine
Class
Vitamin B1
Thiamine
Mechanism of Action
Combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate coenzyme, a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiencies.
