Week 4: Cardiovascular-Renal Drugs: Diuretics and Arrhythmias

Question 1

what has been known for many years to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Answer 1

dietary sodium restriction

Question 2

sodium is believed to contribute to vascular resistance by increasing vessel stiffness and neural reactivity, possibly r/t altered ________ with a resultant increase in intracellular ______.

Answer 2

sodium-calcium exchange
calcium

Question 3

_____ diuretics are appropriate for most patients with mild or moderate HTN and normal renal and cardiac fuction

Answer 3

thiazide diuretics

Question 4

diuretics acting on ______ such as furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide are necessary for severe hypertension when multiple drugs with sodium-retaining properties are used (renal insufficiency, cardiac failure, or cirrhosis - in which sodium retention is large)

Answer 4

loop of Henle

Question 5

______ _____ _____ have a favorable effect on cardiac function in people with heart failure

Answer 5

aldosterone receptor antagonist

Question 6

in the treatment of hypertension, the most common adverse effect of diuretics is _____

Answer 6

potassium depletion (hypokalemia)

Question 7

potassium loss is coupled to the reabsorption of sodium, and restriction of dietary sodium intake, _______ potassium loss

Answer 7

minimizes

Question 8

diuretics increase uric acid concentrations and may precipitate ____

Answer 8

gout

Question 9

Potassium-sparing diuretics may produce ______ particulary in those with renal insufficiency and those taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs

Answer 9

hyperkalemia

Question 10

Spironolactone is associated with _____ in men.

Answer 10

gynecomastia

Question 11

diuretics with major action in the Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 11

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
adenosine antagonist

Question 12

diuretics with major action in the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle Loop

Answer 12

loop diuretics

Question 13

diuretics with major action in the Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT)

Answer 13

thiazides

Question 14

Diuretics with major action in the Cortical collecting tubule (CCT)

Answer 14

K+-sparing diuretics
adenosine antagonists

Question 15

Diuretics with major action in the medullary collecting duct

Answer 15

vasopressin antagonist

Question 16

Specific Antiarrhythmic Agent class:
Sodium channel blockade

Answer 16

class 1

Question 17

Specific Antiarrhythmic Agent Class:
Sympatholytic

Answer 17

Class 2

Question 18

Specific Antiarrhythmic Agent class:
Prolongation of APD

Answer 18

Class 3

Question 19

Specific Antiarrhythmic Agent class:
Cardiac Calcium Current

Answer 19

Class 4