Week 4: Brain anatomy - Intro, cerebrum & Gyri/Sulci

Question 1

Describe the general structure of the brain

Answer 1

A soft gelatinous structure which is bilaterally symmetrical

Question 2

What surrounds the brain and what encloses the brain?

Answer 2

Meninges surrounds the brain. Cranial cavity encloses the brain.

Question 3

The brain is continous with the spinal cord. What is the name of the gap in the skull which allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain?

Answer 3

Foramen magnum

Question 4

As an adult the brain weights between…..

Answer 4

1250-1450g

Question 5

What is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 5

Cerebrum (made of two hemispheres - left & right)

Question 6

The cerebrum is located ….. and …… to the brain stem

Answer 6

Superiorly & anteriorly

Question 7

What separates the two cerebral hemispheres? Where does it sit?

Answer 7

Falk cerebri (part of the dura mater). It sits in the longitudinal fissure.

Question 8

What is the cerebrum located above?

Answer 8

Tentorium cerebelli - separates the cerebellum an the cerebrum at the back of the head

Question 9

What is the cerebrum composed of?

Answer 9

White & Grey matter

Question 10

What is grey matter made of?

Answer 10

Contains the cell-bodies, dendrites and axon terminals (synapses are here)

Question 11

What is the white matter made of?

Answer 11

Made of axons (myelinated) which connects different parts of the gray matter to each other (also made of glial cells)

Question 12

The grey matter forms the ….. of each …… hemisphere and its associated with ….

Answer 12

1. Surface
2. Cerebral
3. Processing & cognition

Question 13

The white matter forms the bulk of the different parts of the brain?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are gyri and sulci?

Answer 14

External structures of the brain

Question 15

The cerebrum is highly convoluted? True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are sulci?

Answer 16

The grooves or areas that fold downwards on the surface of the brain

Question 17

What are gyri?

Answer 17

The ridges or areas that fold upwards on the surface of the brain

Question 18

What is the longitudinal fissure? What plane does it run in?

Answer 18

This is the major sulcus that runs in the medial sagittal plane (separates left & right hemisphere)

Question 19

What is the central sulcus?

Answer 19

Separates two really important gyri. Anterior to the central sulcus we have the precentral gyrus and posterior to the central sulcus we have the post-central gyrus

Question 20

What does the precentral gyrus control? And what primary cortex is found here?

Answer 20

1. Controls movement
2. Primary motor cortex

Question 21

What does the post-central gyrus control? And what primary cortex is found here?

Answer 21

1. Proprioception/touch
2. Somatic sensory cortex

Question 22

What is the main gyrus of the brain? What does it control? What is it located blow?

Answer 22

Superior temporal gyrus. Responsible for receiving and processing sound. Located just below that lateral sulcus.