Week 4 Flashcards
The medulla oblongata is:
an extension of the spinal cord
The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system and the _____ nervous system
peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is made up of the somatic nervous system and the _______ nervous system
automatic
men tend to score higher than women on tests of:
mathematical ability and spatial processing
What is the Hindbrain made up of?
Pons,, cerebellum, and medulla Oblongata. Also the reticular formation
What does the Medulla Oblongata control?
regulation of breathing and heart rate
Under the somatic nervous system are the ____ nerves and the ____ nerves.
afferent and efferent
If there is damage to brain here, it’s always fatal. This is the ‘vital signs’ part of the brain
medulla Oblongata
What two divisions are under the automatic nervous system?
Sympathetic division and parasympathetic
What part of the nervous system controls itself. Allows the stomach to digest food, create fear/flight and also allows you to chill out.
Automatic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system consist of and do?
All the nerves that innervate (has nerves coming from and going to) muscles of the body and all of the sensory nerves
o Afferent nerves – they go into the brain (sensory)
o Efferent Nerves – move the muscles
A lot of the staggering and slurred speech that occurs after consuming alcohol is due to the ____________ being affected
Cerebellum
What six things does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
- Somatic nervous system
- afferent nervous system
- efferent nervous system - Automatic nervous system
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
What does the forebrain consist of?
cerebral cortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic system, thalamus and hypothalamus.
What does the limbic system consist of?
septum, amygdala and hippocampus
What part of the brain is a collection of nuclei and neural fibers that is crucial to the function of the motor system?
Basal Ganglia
what does the midbrain do?
It consists of various structures that allow you to orient your eyes to an object, the peripheral field, it controls how conscious you are, it controls your sleep and dreams
What does the midbrain consist of?
the tectum and tegmentum
What is in the tectum made up of and what does it achieve?
It is involved in orienting to visual and auditory stimuli and it is made up of the the superior and inferior colliculi
What does the Tegmentum do?
is involved in movement and arousal. It plays an important role in learning to produce behaviours that minimize unpleasant (Aversive) consequences and maximize pleasant (rewarding) consequences
The major function of the ___________ is to maintain consciousness, regulate arousal levels and moderate the activity of neurons throughout the central nervous system.
reticular formation
What does ANS stand for?
Autonomic nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
It controls itself. Allows the stomach to digest food, create fear/flight and also allows you to chill out. Consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
What does the pons do?
controls dreaming. it is involved in consciousness. It bridges neurotransmitters from one part of the brain to another and is involved in facial nerves
What part of the brain is essential to co-ordination, balance and muscle tone?
Cerebellum
What is the primary relay for sensory information in the brain?
Thalamus
What part of the brain controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
What part of the brain influences anger and fear?
Septum
What part of the brain influences anger and aggression?
amygdala
Bundles of axons outside the central nervous system are referred to as spinal ______, whereas the bundles of axons inside the central nervous system are referred to as spinal ______.
nerves, tracts
What are the two major parts of the peripheral nervous system?
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
What part of the nervous system controls itself?
the somatic and the autonomic nervous system
When the ______ kicks in, it causes the following?
• Pupils constricted -
• Salvation stimulated
• Decreased respiration – slower and deeper
• Bronchial passages constricted
• Decreased heart rate
• Digestion stimulated – want to eat
• Bladder contracted – don’t need to pee anymore
Parasympathetic nervous system
What two systems often act in opposition (e.g., heart rate) but can act in concert (e.g., sexual reflexes)
sympathetic/parasympathetic
Damage to the reticular activating system is a major cause of:
coma
The _______ nervous system is involved with sensory information and motor commands.
somatic
The sympathetic nervous system is involved with:
preparing the body in
response to threat.
Each segment of the spinal cord:
relay information to and from
different parts of the body.
What disease is associated the basal ganglia
Parkinsons
Which is a function of the cerebral cortex?
It makes symbolic thinking possible
because of ______ we can plan, coordinate thoughts and actions, perceive visual and sound patterns and use language
cerebral cortex
What does the Occipital Lobe do?
entirely devoted to processing vision
What does the frontal lobe do?
Abstract thinking, long term memory, planning and social skills. Also used to suppress impulsive behavior
What does the temporal lobe do?
language, hearing, visual pattern recognition.
What does the parietal lobe
touch, spatial, orientation, nonverbal thinking
What is the longutudinal fissure?
The split down the middle of the brain, between left and right
What is the central fissure?
The split in the center of the brain that separates the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain
Where is the optical lobe?
middle of the back of the brain
Where is the temporal lobe?
Directly under your temples
how to pronounce parietal lobe?
pariah-tal (like the fish)
What’s the pleasure center of the brain?
The limbic system
What lobe inhibits erratic behavior?
frontal lobe
What lobe is involved with the coordination of the senses?
Parietal lobe
if you’re trying to work out where the M24 building is from the auditorium what lobe is at use?
Parietal lobe.
Broca’s area is located in what lobe, and concerned with?
The temporal lobe, Speech production and grammar
Wernicke’s area is located in what lobe, and concerned with
the temporal lobe, speech comprehension
What is the somatosensory cortex?
used in touch
What does the motor cortex do?
All the the signals that cause movement are located in the motor cortex
Some functions are localized to one hemisphere (L or R) of brain. What is this called?
hemispheric Lateralization
What side of the brain tends to be more analytic?
The left
What side of the brain tends to be more holistic/artistic?
The right side
Do Females typically score higher on tests of verbal fluency, perceptual speed and manual dexterity?
Yes
What side of the brain is speech and language on?
the left. It is on the right also. but the left side dominates
What part of the brain did they cut to get rid of epileptic fits?
the corpus callosum
What side of the brain is the “naming” part? Eg. objects
the right.
What is split brain patient?
when they hold something with their left hand, they know what it is and how to use it but they cant came it because the signal cant cross over to the right side of the brain where the naming part is.
Is it Positive or negative feelings that are associated with the right temporal regions?
positive
Once we learn a piano piece well, the movements become controlled by the:
Basal Ganglia
What part of the brain relays information between the two cerebral hemispheres?
corpus callosum
what part of the brain coordinates fine muscle movements?
cerebellum
What does the spinal cord do?
Relays nerve impulses between brain and body and controls simple reflexes
Anna hears her teacher ask a question she knows the answer to, so she raises her hand so she can speak. Which division of the nervous system was directly responsible for her hand going up?
The somatic nervous system
what part of the brain influences memory and learning?
Hippocampus
What does the hipposcampus do?
involved in memory and leaning
What is the outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere called?
cerebral cortex
What part of the brain is important for emotion, memory, motivation and learning?
The limbic system
What is important for our having conscious awareness of our control over our existence?
The thalamus and the RAC
What connects the forebrain to the spinal cord?
The brainstem
An infant begins to cry after seeing his mother react fearfully to the unexpected approach of a dog. The area of his brain that is most likely being stimulated is the:
Amygdala - One function of the amygdala is the recognition of emotion, particularly fearful emotion in
others. A study using PET technology found that presenting fearful faces (as compared to happy or
neutral ones) activated the left amygdala and that the strength of the activation was strongly correlated with the degree of fear displayed in the faces
What does the hypothalamus do?
helps regulate eating, sleeping, sexual activity and emotional experiences. Also regulates behavior related to survival: fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating.
What does the cerebral cortex do?
It is involved in receiving and processing sensory information, other cognitive processing, planning and sending motor information
Assume that a drug had been developed that boosts one’s memory and learning capacity. Such a drug is most likely to lead to increases in:
acetylcholine
Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re going to get.’ This metaphor is more likely to come from the _________ perspective
humanistic
All of the following are locate
d in the brain stem EXCEPT the
hypothalamus
A classmate is working on her presentation on the endocrine system for class. You overhear her as she says “This gland is often called the ‘master gland’ because it has an effect on the secretions of all the other endocrine glands.” It sounds as though she is talking about the
pituitary
A neurotransmitter binds to the post-synapti
c neuron receptor and causes the sodium ion
channels on that post-synaptic neuron to open. This results in:
excitation of the post-synaptic neuron
NOT: an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron
