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Cognitive Biology > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The medulla oblongata is:

A

an extension of the spinal cord

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2
Q

The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system and the _____ nervous system

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the somatic nervous system and the _______ nervous system

A

automatic

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4
Q

men tend to score higher than women on tests of:

A

mathematical ability and spatial processing

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5
Q

What is the Hindbrain made up of?

A

Pons,, cerebellum, and medulla Oblongata. Also the reticular formation

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6
Q

What does the Medulla Oblongata control?

A

regulation of breathing and heart rate

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7
Q

Under the somatic nervous system are the ____ nerves and the ____ nerves.

A

afferent and efferent

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8
Q

If there is damage to brain here, it’s always fatal. This is the ‘vital signs’ part of the brain

A

medulla Oblongata

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9
Q

What two divisions are under the automatic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic

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10
Q

What part of the nervous system controls itself. Allows the stomach to digest food, create fear/flight and also allows you to chill out.

A

Automatic nervous system

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11
Q

What does the somatic nervous system consist of and do?

A

All the nerves that innervate (has nerves coming from and going to) muscles of the body and all of the sensory nerves
o Afferent nerves – they go into the brain (sensory)
o Efferent Nerves – move the muscles

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12
Q

A lot of the staggering and slurred speech that occurs after consuming alcohol is due to the ____________ being affected

A

Cerebellum

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13
Q

What six things does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A
  1. Somatic nervous system
    - afferent nervous system
    - efferent nervous system
  2. Automatic nervous system
    - sympathetic nervous system
    - parasympathetic nervous system
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14
Q

What does the forebrain consist of?

A

cerebral cortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic system, thalamus and hypothalamus.

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15
Q

What does the limbic system consist of?

A

septum, amygdala and hippocampus

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16
Q

What part of the brain is a collection of nuclei and neural fibers that is crucial to the function of the motor system?

A

Basal Ganglia

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17
Q

what does the midbrain do?

A

It consists of various structures that allow you to orient your eyes to an object, the peripheral field, it controls how conscious you are, it controls your sleep and dreams

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18
Q

What does the midbrain consist of?

A

the tectum and tegmentum

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19
Q

What is in the tectum made up of and what does it achieve?

A

It is involved in orienting to visual and auditory stimuli and it is made up of the the superior and inferior colliculi

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20
Q

What does the Tegmentum do?

A

is involved in movement and arousal. It plays an important role in learning to produce behaviours that minimize unpleasant (Aversive) consequences and maximize pleasant (rewarding) consequences

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21
Q

The major function of the ___________ is to maintain consciousness, regulate arousal levels and moderate the activity of neurons throughout the central nervous system.

A

reticular formation

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22
Q

What does ANS stand for?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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23
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

It controls itself. Allows the stomach to digest food, create fear/flight and also allows you to chill out. Consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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24
Q

What does the pons do?

A

controls dreaming. it is involved in consciousness. It bridges neurotransmitters from one part of the brain to another and is involved in facial nerves

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25
Q

What part of the brain is essential to co-ordination, balance and muscle tone?

A

Cerebellum

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26
Q

What is the primary relay for sensory information in the brain?

A

Thalamus

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27
Q

What part of the brain controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus

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28
Q

What part of the brain influences anger and fear?

A

Septum

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29
Q

What part of the brain influences anger and aggression?

A

amygdala

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30
Q

Bundles of axons outside the central nervous system are referred to as spinal ______, whereas the bundles of axons inside the central nervous system are referred to as spinal ______.

A

nerves, tracts

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31
Q

What are the two major parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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32
Q

What part of the nervous system controls itself?

A

the somatic and the autonomic nervous system

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33
Q

When the ______ kicks in, it causes the following?
• Pupils constricted -
• Salvation stimulated
• Decreased respiration – slower and deeper
• Bronchial passages constricted
• Decreased heart rate
• Digestion stimulated – want to eat
• Bladder contracted – don’t need to pee anymore

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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34
Q

What two systems often act in opposition (e.g., heart rate) but can act in concert (e.g., sexual reflexes)

A

sympathetic/parasympathetic

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35
Q

Damage to the reticular activating system is a major cause of:

A

coma

36
Q

The _______ nervous system is involved with sensory information and motor commands.

A

somatic

37
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is involved with:

A

preparing the body in

response to threat.

38
Q

Each segment of the spinal cord:

A

relay information to and from

different parts of the body.

39
Q

What disease is associated the basal ganglia

A

Parkinsons

40
Q

Which is a function of the cerebral cortex?

A

It makes symbolic thinking possible

41
Q

because of ______ we can plan, coordinate thoughts and actions, perceive visual and sound patterns and use language

A

cerebral cortex

42
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do?

A

entirely devoted to processing vision

43
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Abstract thinking, long term memory, planning and social skills. Also used to suppress impulsive behavior

44
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

language, hearing, visual pattern recognition.

45
Q

What does the parietal lobe

A

touch, spatial, orientation, nonverbal thinking

46
Q

What is the longutudinal fissure?

A

The split down the middle of the brain, between left and right

47
Q

What is the central fissure?

A

The split in the center of the brain that separates the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain

48
Q

Where is the optical lobe?

A

middle of the back of the brain

49
Q

Where is the temporal lobe?

A

Directly under your temples

50
Q

how to pronounce parietal lobe?

A

pariah-tal (like the fish)

51
Q

What’s the pleasure center of the brain?

A

The limbic system

52
Q

What lobe inhibits erratic behavior?

A

frontal lobe

53
Q

What lobe is involved with the coordination of the senses?

A

Parietal lobe

54
Q

if you’re trying to work out where the M24 building is from the auditorium what lobe is at use?

A

Parietal lobe.

55
Q

Broca’s area is located in what lobe, and concerned with?

A

The temporal lobe, Speech production and grammar

56
Q

Wernicke’s area is located in what lobe, and concerned with

A

the temporal lobe, speech comprehension

57
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A

used in touch

58
Q

What does the motor cortex do?

A

All the the signals that cause movement are located in the motor cortex

59
Q

Some functions are localized to one hemisphere (L or R) of brain. What is this called?

A

hemispheric Lateralization

60
Q

What side of the brain tends to be more analytic?

A

The left

61
Q

What side of the brain tends to be more holistic/artistic?

A

The right side

62
Q

Do Females typically score higher on tests of verbal fluency, perceptual speed and manual dexterity?

A

Yes

63
Q

What side of the brain is speech and language on?

A

the left. It is on the right also. but the left side dominates

64
Q

What part of the brain did they cut to get rid of epileptic fits?

A

the corpus callosum

65
Q

What side of the brain is the “naming” part? Eg. objects

A

the right.

66
Q

What is split brain patient?

A

when they hold something with their left hand, they know what it is and how to use it but they cant came it because the signal cant cross over to the right side of the brain where the naming part is.

67
Q

Is it Positive or negative feelings that are associated with the right temporal regions?

A

positive

68
Q

Once we learn a piano piece well, the movements become controlled by the:

A

Basal Ganglia

69
Q

What part of the brain relays information between the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

70
Q

what part of the brain coordinates fine muscle movements?

A

cerebellum

71
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

Relays nerve impulses between brain and body and controls simple reflexes

72
Q

Anna hears her teacher ask a question she knows the answer to, so she raises her hand so she can speak. Which division of the nervous system was directly responsible for her hand going up?

A

The somatic nervous system

73
Q

what part of the brain influences memory and learning?

A

Hippocampus

74
Q

What does the hipposcampus do?

A

involved in memory and leaning

75
Q

What is the outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere called?

A

cerebral cortex

76
Q

What part of the brain is important for emotion, memory, motivation and learning?

A

The limbic system

77
Q

What is important for our having conscious awareness of our control over our existence?

A

The thalamus and the RAC

78
Q

What connects the forebrain to the spinal cord?

A

The brainstem

79
Q

An infant begins to cry after seeing his mother react fearfully to the unexpected approach of a dog. The area of his brain that is most likely being stimulated is the:

A

Amygdala - One function of the amygdala is the recognition of emotion, particularly fearful emotion in
others. A study using PET technology found that presenting fearful faces (as compared to happy or
neutral ones) activated the left amygdala and that the strength of the activation was strongly correlated with the degree of fear displayed in the faces

80
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

helps regulate eating, sleeping, sexual activity and emotional experiences. Also regulates behavior related to survival: fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating.

81
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

It is involved in receiving and processing sensory information, other cognitive processing, planning and sending motor information

82
Q

Assume that a drug had been developed that boosts one’s memory and learning capacity. Such a drug is most likely to lead to increases in:

A

acetylcholine

83
Q

Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re going to get.’ This metaphor is more likely to come from the _________ perspective

A

humanistic

84
Q

All of the following are locate

d in the brain stem EXCEPT the

A

hypothalamus

85
Q

A classmate is working on her presentation on the endocrine system for class. You overhear her as she says “This gland is often called the ‘master gland’ because it has an effect on the secretions of all the other endocrine glands.” It sounds as though she is talking about the

A

pituitary

86
Q

A neurotransmitter binds to the post-synapti
c neuron receptor and causes the sodium ion
channels on that post-synaptic neuron to open. This results in:

A

excitation of the post-synaptic neuron

NOT: an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron

Cognitive Biology (4 decks)

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