Week 4 Flashcards
What are the main ethical theories discussed in the document?
Intuitionism, Consequentialism, Kantian Deontologism, Virtue Ethics, and Natural Law.
What are fundamental ethical principles, and why are they important?
Fundamental ethical principles, such as Rationality, Solidarity, Fairness, Effectiveness, Role-responsibility, and No Intentional Harm, help guide sound moral choices by counteracting the emotional biases that may derail fulfillment.
How does consequentialism determine the morality of an action?
Consequentialism evaluates actions based on their outcomes, using a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the positive consequences outweigh the negatives.
What is the Principle of Rationality, and how does it counter emotional bias?
The Principle of Rationality encourages acting intelligently by controlling emotions, considering long-term consequences, and recognizing situations that emotions alone may fail to address.
What distinguishes Kantian Deontologism from other ethical theories?
Kantian Deontologism emphasizes moral duty and autonomy, guided by universal laws like the Categorical Imperative, rather than focusing on the consequences of actions.
What are the potential critiques of virtue ethics?
Virtue ethics may take societal norms for granted, risk being self-centered, and lack clear guidance for action in specific situations.
How does the Principle of Solidarity differ from the Principle of Role-Responsibility?
The Principle of Solidarity emphasizes concern for the well-being of all humans, while Role-Responsibility highlights obligations to those with whom one has specific roles or commitments, such as family or close relations.
n the trolley problem, what ethical principles could justify redirecting the trolley to kill one worker instead of five?
A consequentialist would justify the action by arguing that it minimizes harm. A deontologist might reject it, as it involves intentionally harming one person, violating their autonomy.
Using the Principle of Fairness, how should one decide whether to rescue their own child or a stranger’s child in a life-threatening situation?
The Principle of Fairness allows for treating people differently if justified by a valid reason, such as the closer relationship to one’s own child. However, fairness also requires balancing this against broader moral responsibilities.
How would the Principle of No Intentional Harm apply to the sheriff framing an innocent man to prevent riots?
The Principle of No Intentional Harm would condemn framing the innocent man, as it involves using a person as a means to an end, violating their dignity and human rights.
How do religious teachings support the Principle of Solidarity? Provide examples.
Religious teachings advocate for concern for others’ well-being:
Christianity: “Love your neighbor as yourself” (Mk. 12:31).
Islam: “Spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans…” (Qur’an 2:177).
Buddhism: “Hurt not others with that which pains yourself” (Udanavarga 5:18).
What ethical considerations arise from using an “experience machine” that guarantees pleasure but disconnects one from reality?
This scenario challenges consequentialism, as it questions whether pleasure alone constitutes human well-being. It raises concerns about authenticity, human dignity, and the value of experiencing reality.
What would virtue ethics suggest about the reporters protecting their source in the BALCO case, even after the source lied?
Virtue ethics would focus on the reporters’ character and integrity. Upholding the promise of confidentiality reflects virtues like loyalty and honesty, but breaking it might be justified to protect greater societal trust in journalism.
Which ethical theory do you find most convincing in addressing modern ethical dilemmas, and why?
Personal reflection required. A well-rounded response might favor an integrated approach, combining rationality, concern for outcomes, and character.
Which ethical theory do you think provides the best framework for moral decision-making, and why?
Open-ended, but a comprehensive response could suggest combining elements of multiple theories (e.g., consequentialism for outcomes, deontology for duty, and virtue ethics for character).
