Week 4 Flashcards
What is the pathology of hepatitis A?
The most common hepatitis virus; 4 single stranded . RNA virus that does not have a carrier state.it does not cause chronic disease because apoptosis is caused by the infected cell itself and not the immune system. It is typically a disease of children; transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It is a direct cytopathic virus and can be severe in adults
What is the pathology of hepatitis B?
The most common cause of hepatitis worldwide; can cause acute hepatitis; non-progressive chronic hepatitis; progressive to cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis with necrosis. Has an asymptomatic carrier state is the backdrop for HDV
Transmission and importance of hepatitis B?
Important for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The virus is present in all bodily fluids except for stool.it is transmitted via blood transfusion; IV drug use; MSM; dialysis. Vertical transmission (mother to child) can result in carrier status for life.
What is the pathophysiology of hepatitis B?
HBV DNA can become incorporated into the host DNA wherein the HBsAg are the displayed on the surface of the infected hepatocytes. This then activates the host immune response wherein CD8+ T lymphocytes induce cell apoptosis. The hepatocytes will have a ground glass appearance due to the abundance of viral particles.
What is the pathology of hepatitis c?
Major cause of liver disease; transmission through ‘ inoculations; blood transfusions and sexual transmission. High incidence in haemophiliacs; MSM; dialysis pts. High rate of progression to cirrhosis; there is no vaccine as it is an unstable virus. Reactivation occurs a lot.
What is the pathology of hepatitis D?
RNA virus unable to replicate on its own the reform require HBU co-infection (reduces severity of hep B as it ↓the replication rate of hep B virus) causes acute or progressive chronic liver disease.
What is the pathogenesis of hepatitis E.
Enterically transmitted waterborne infection; self limiting disease.
What is the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?
Autodigestion of pancreas by inappropriately activated enzymes which are usually stored in acinar cells as proenzymes. There is then disintegration of fat cells; damage elastic fibres in b.v and activate clotting factors & complement.
