week 4

Question 1

Describe the structure of long bones, and the histological organic and inorganic components

Answer 1

bone type 1 coll
cartilage type 2

epiphesis
metaphesis
diaphesis
metaphesis
epihises - structure of the organisasiton

Question 2

Outline the stages of fracture healing by callus formation

Answer 2

bone at fracture end dies due to lack of blood supply. macrophages come and remove it

wobbly haematoma- triggers inflammatory cascade - cells from periosteum, endosteum, blood supply, lacunae

angiogenesis

woven soft callus- immature cartiladge/ chondrocartiladge. periosteum reforms over the top. osteoclasts—> blasts. transform woven into lamellar

Question 3

Describe the basic principles of injury assessment and management

Answer 3

survival
limb survival
functional survival
infection prevention

controll bleeding
assess distal perfusion
realignment (dislocations and breaks)
assess neuro status
compartment pressure

Question 4

what is compartment syndrome and reasons for treating it, what to look for.

Answer 4

a raised pressure in a closed fascia compartment that exceeds capillary perfusion pressure.

pain out of proportion to the injury given.
stretching the compartment increasing the pain.
late signs give nerve and vascular dysfunction.

Question 5

basics of fracture management

Answer 5

reduce if needs reducing
hold still if needs holding still

rehabilitate.

stop smoking
stop nicotine- vasoconstriction
diabetes- affects vascular