Week 4

Question 1

3 types of intergovernmental relations in Canada

Answer 1

Federal-provincial
Provincial-municipal
Federal municipal

Question 2

through what did the municipalities gain their power?

Answer 2

• Municipalities received their power from the province in the 1867 constitution

Question 3

What does FCM stand for? and has it seen alot of success? eg?

Answer 3

Federation of Canadian Municipalities which represents Municipalities at national level, Yes, 1930 Great depression.. they put in the effort to receive unemployment assistance from the Federal government.

Question 4

What is the Municipal Act

Answer 4

It is the provincial policy and laws for municipalities.

• Financing
• election
• types of bylaws
• taxation
• community planning

Question 5

Other relevant 3 types of legislation like Municipal Act

Answer 5

Planning Act
Heritage Act
Development Charges Act

Question 6

Municipality control land use policy but when it comes to subdivision planning, does the province need to approve it? Y - N

Answer 6

Yes they do.

Question 7

What are the two types of Federal influence on municipalities?

Answer 7

Direct eg. FCM, gas tax refund

Indirect eg. taxation, regulation

Question 8

Do courts have to side with municipalities?

Answer 8

No, they do not

Question 9

Members of Municipality associations & networks can collectively_______________higher government

Answer 9

Influence!

Question 10

Disentanglement efforts to separate/clarify Municipal and provincial services were done in Earlier periods and Overtime. how?

Answer 10

Earlier periods:
- Municip provision hard services eg. roads, water infrastructure
- Provincial govt. provision soft services eg. social and health services
Overtime:
- Increased Munic. responsibilities from prov. for soft services with no funding

Question 11

Define amalgamation. What is the main objective of amalgamation?

Answer 11

Amalgamation is the merging of two-tier into one-tier government. Main objective it to cut back costs.

Question 12

The opposite of amalgamation is fragmentation. What are the fragmented government issues? 3

Answer 12

Externalities - ones decision affect the other
reduced coordination
Unequal distribution of cost

Question 13

Characteristics of Northern communities (2)

Answer 13

More geographically isolated

They got different quality of life and lifestyle

Question 14

3 Concerns for northern communities?

Answer 14

• not enough redistribution of provincial resources
• smaller popn. = less seats in the parliament, policy decisions taken without their input
• tough to find low skill jobs due to globalization

Question 15

List the motivations and incentives for inter-local cooperation 4

Answer 15

• Fiscal incentives
• fill service gaps
• control externalities
• mandated integration

Question 16

Where does the municipal gain most of its revenue from?

Answer 16

Property taxation