Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of intergovernmental relations in Canada

A

Federal-provincial
Provincial-municipal
Federal municipal

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2
Q

through what did the municipalities gain their power?

A
  • Municipalities received their power from the province in the 1867 constitution
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3
Q

What does FCM stand for? and has it seen alot of success? eg?

A

Federation of Canadian Municipalities which represents Municipalities at national level, Yes, 1930 Great depression.. they put in the effort to receive unemployment assistance from the Federal government.

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4
Q

What is the Municipal Act

A

It is the provincial policy and laws for municipalities.

  • Financing
  • election
  • types of bylaws
  • taxation
  • community planning
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5
Q

Other relevant 3 types of legislation like Municipal Act

A

Planning Act
Heritage Act
Development Charges Act

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6
Q

Municipality control land use policy but when it comes to subdivision planning, does the province need to approve it? Y - N

A

Yes they do.

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7
Q

What are the two types of Federal influence on municipalities?

A

Direct eg. FCM, gas tax refund

Indirect eg. taxation, regulation

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8
Q

Do courts have to side with municipalities?

A

No, they do not

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9
Q

Members of Municipality associations & networks can collectively_______________higher government

A

Influence!

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10
Q

Disentanglement efforts to separate/clarify Municipal and provincial services were done in Earlier periods and Overtime. how?

A

Earlier periods:
- Municip provision hard services eg. roads, water infrastructure
- Provincial govt. provision soft services eg. social and health services
Overtime:
- Increased Munic. responsibilities from prov. for soft services with no funding

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11
Q

Define amalgamation. What is the main objective of amalgamation?

A

Amalgamation is the merging of two-tier into one-tier government. Main objective it to cut back costs.

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12
Q

The opposite of amalgamation is fragmentation. What are the fragmented government issues? 3

A

Externalities - ones decision affect the other
reduced coordination
Unequal distribution of cost

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13
Q

Characteristics of Northern communities (2)

A

More geographically isolated

They got different quality of life and lifestyle

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14
Q

3 Concerns for northern communities?

A
  • not enough redistribution of provincial resources
  • smaller popn. = less seats in the parliament, policy decisions taken without their input
  • tough to find low skill jobs due to globalization
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15
Q

List the motivations and incentives for inter-local cooperation 4

A
  • Fiscal incentives
  • fill service gaps
  • control externalities
  • mandated integration
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16
Q

Where does the municipal gain most of its revenue from?

A

Property taxation