Week 3- Welfare State Development Flashcards
What are the four phases?
- Early
- Transitional
- Interventionist
- Austerity and Constitutional Conflict
What happened in the early period? (9)
- Social welfare was local and private, focused on mentally ill, disabilities, and neglected children
- Confederation, social welfare continued to be irregular b/c of concerns of upper class and its maternal-like nature
- Debate on child welfare was led, beginning child-saving era
- Based on notion that family is basis of economic security
- Laws to regulate marriage, property, limit divorce and contraception
- Compulsory education and public health regulations
- Prov. gov’ts began regular grants for charitable institutions
- Charity Aid Act of 1874, first evidence of permanent support, for orphanages based on British system
- In Quebec, Catholic church was centre of social welfare
Describe the transitional phase (9)
- Promotion of capitalist (private economic) development
- Start of supplying appropriately skilled labour through regulation , maintenance of family, and recruitment of more immigrants
WWI
- Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, allowing states to intervene with labour and capital
- First social insurance law
- Support for injured soldiers and families left behind
- Old age pension
Great Depression
- Many left unemployed, hungry and homeless
- Triggered both of social welfare and rise of populist poltical movements
- Gov’t took more activist role
How do Louis St. Laurent contribute to the Interventionist Phase? (5)
- Public housing, federal hospital grants, assistance programs for disabled and blind
- Creation of universal old-age pension
- Cash benefits were extended to Aboriginal
-Extended application of principal social welfare to Aboriginal, but lead to sixties scoop - Unemployment Assistance Act
What happened in WWII and what phase was it in? (3)
Interventionist Phase
- White Paper on Employment
- Economy managed to produce full employment by assisting private enterprise
What did John Diefenbaker contribute in the Interventionist phase? (2)
- Permanent programs for funding of hospitalization, higher education, and vocational rehabilitation
- Introduced first federal human rights legislation, voting rights to Aboriginals in reserves
Explain Lester Pearson’s work in the Interventionist Phase (7)
- CPP, Canada Assistance Plan, programs for physically disabled, provincial programs for single parents and unemployed
- Established national system of personal health insurance provided by provinces
- Guaranteed Income Supplement
- Reduced age of universal pension
- Post- secondary and hospital funding
- National Housing Act amended to provide loans
- Point system introduced in Immigration Act, allowing for more immigration
What did Pierre Trudeau do in the Interventionist Phase? (4)
- Tried to abolish Indian Act and status
- Expanded coverage and benefits of Unemployment insurance, seasonal workers included
- Reorganization of Income Tax and National Housing Tax
- Child tax credit was introduced
How was spending expanded in the fourth phase?
- Made it possible to improve income security for elderly, disabled, single parents, and unemployed
- Parents received income support for children
- Canada Assistance Plan funding improved quality and quantity of child welfare
- Post-secondary expanded for more population
- Medicare given by province
-Unemployment insurance and social assistance expanded - Economy entered period of decline
How was there pressure on spending in the fourth phase?
- Rising inflation and growing demands
- Keynesian (increase input=increase output) beliefs turned upside down
- Decrease gov’t spending for social programs
- Higher unemployment to control inflation
- Reduced eligibility and benefits
- Raising medicare fees
- Canada Health Act ended practitioners opting out of medicare to charge more
