Week 3 Theory Flashcards
What is SAR
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Is a coherent, airborne, sideways looking radar that uses straight flight paths to create an extremely large antenna electronically
Two types of SAR imagary
Swath
Spot
What is a Swath scan
Aircraft flies at a constant velocity in a line and transmits 90 degrees to the aircraft.
Multiple swaths make a strip
What is a spot scan?
Uses beam steering to illuminate a target area for a longer period reducing radar shadow
SAR system constraints
Lots of computing power needed
Have to fly in a straight line
Target motion causes blurring
What is Coherent Change Detection
Comparison of SAR imagery from the same geometry collected at different times
What can CCD be used to see
Sand movement
IED ground disturbance
BDA
What is ISAR
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
Relies on target motion to create and image
What is an MTI radar
Moving Target Indicator Radar
Provides a clear display by removing clutter caused by stationary or slow moving targets
What is a Ground MTI
Looks specifically at slower targets and used to track, detect and locate moving vehicles
Can be overlayed onto SAR
What platforms have SAR capabilities?
E-8 Joint STARS
Reaper
Watchkeeper
P-8
What is a Tactical Data Link?
Carries data close enough to REAL TIME to be useful in a tactical situation
How is TDL propagated
Radio
Landline
SATCOM
Microwave
What are the 3 TDL systems?
Point to point
Broadcast
Netted
3 TDL modes of opperation
Simplex-one way
Semi duplex-two way, non simultaneous
Duplex-two way, simultaneous
Link 11 standards codes
Mil-std 6011
STANAG 5511
Link 16 standards codes
Mil-std 6016
STANAG 5516
What is Link 11 also known as
Alligator
What does Link 11 require
Needs a Network Control Station and Participating units
Link 11 limitations
Loose NCS you loose data
More people on the net means slower cycles
What is Link 16 also known as
Timber
What improvements does Link16 have compared to Link 11
Nodeless-Time Division Multiple Access Jam resistance - freq hopping Improved security Semi-Duplex J series messages
What are cycles divided into
Epochs
Frames
Time slots
Ping pong
Exchange of info on the net
Suspect
Potentially hostile target
Beanstalk
Check equipment for spurious tracks
Prelude
Reference point from which track positions are reported
Bent
System is inoperative
Sweet
Equipment working
Sour
Equipment not working efficiently
Cyclops
UAV
Assumed freind
Track potentially freindly
Freind
Freind
Neutral
Not supporting or opposing
Bandit
Hostile track with no authority to engage
Faker
Friendly acting as hostile
Joker
Friendly acting as suspect
HF frequencies
2 MHz - 30 MHz
VHF frequencies
30 MHz - 300 MHz
UHF frequencies
300 MHz - 3000 MHz (3 GHz)
What does Authentication do
Protects communication systems against fraudulent transmissions
When to authenticate?
Imposing or lifting emergency silence Transmitting blind When ordered to do so Validate a message of operational importance When in doubt
Types of reports
Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)
Tactical Report
Situation Report (SITREP)
Join and Handover
Why do a BDA
Ground forces may not have access
More assets may be required to reattack if not effective
What is a Tactical Report
Used to pass on tactical info on hostile forces
All reports given a serial number and use Alpha numeric code to state activity type
What is included in a SITREP?
Active or anticipated threats
Recent hostile activity
Any scheduled events
Net participants and responsibilities
What is included in a Join message
Callsign ETA Serviceability Intentions Capabilities
What is included in a Handover Message
Time off task Current task Issues encountered or expected Other call signs operating Comm nets/data links Weather Departure point and Flight level Threats
What is AIS
Automatic Identification System
Identifies and locates vessels by exchanging data with other ships, AIS base stations and Satellites
What is AIS fitted to?
International ships over 300 tonnes
Non international ships over 500 tonnes
All passenger ships of any size
What does AIS use to transmit data?
SOTDMA
Self-Organised Time Division Multiple Access
No control station and uses GPS to assign slots
Used for AIS?
Fishing fleet monitory and control
Maritime security
SAR
Cargo ship tracking
What is IBS
Integrated Broadcast service
Provides real time data from multiple sources in theatre and on a global scale
What is SSSB
Ship shore ship buffer
Is an interface between link 1 and link 11
What are the limitations of SSSB?
Not all link 11 data can be translated to link 1
This requires back up from voice communications
What are ELNOTS?
ELINT Notations
Unique 5 character alphanumeric identifier for a specific emmiter
What is the first Character in ELNOTS?
Represents the platform and originating block
What is the last character in ELNOTS?
Represents its family relationship
What are the Red letters?
A-H
What are the Blue letters?
M-P
What are the red first character letters
A-airborne B-ground C-ship F-ground/ship T-temporary
What are the blue first characters
M-airborne N-ground O-ship P-ground/ship W-temporary
Other first characters
G-datalinks I-comair J-ATC K-comnav L-unknown
Last characters
Z-unique emission
A-W-1st to 23rd family members
X-unknown, yet to be decided
Y-ambiguous emitter, could fit two or more in a family
