Week 3 The Respiratory Tract ✅ Flashcards
What are the functions of the nose?
Olfaction
Trap and remove particulates
Adjust temperature and air humidity
Contains cartilage to provide support
Why does the nose bleed easily?
High vascular supply
Where does the blood supply to the cartilage come from?
The skin
What types of epistaxis are there?
Anterior and posterior
Posterior is harder to manage
What is Little’s area?
Most anterior bleeds, vulnerable to dryness and trauma
Where does arterial supply to the nose come from?
Internal and external carotid arteries
How do you treat an anterior nose bleed?
Cauterise
How do you treat a posterior nose bleed?
Packing - backwards not upwards
What is a septal haematoma?
Collection of blood - stops blood supply - hard to treat
How many areas is the pharynx split into?
3
What are the tonsils?
Lymphoid tissue to fight infection
What is the pharyngeal tonsil?
Adenoids
What is a quinsey?
Abscess behind the palatine tonsils
Where are the lingual tonsils?
Behind tongue in pharynx
What are the 3 types of pharyngeal obstruction?
Lumen - e.g. vomit, tongue, foreign body
In the wall - e.g. allergy, burn, infection, inflammation
Outside the wall - e.g. lymph nodes, cancer, aneurysm, trauma
What is the pharynx more commonly known as?
Throat
What is the larynx more commonly known as?
Voicemox
What is the larynx suspended from?
Hyoid bone
What is the thyroid cartilage more commonly known as?
Adam’s apple
What is the MOA of swallowing?
Epiglottis moves down, larynx moves anterior and superior
At what level does the carina divide?
T4/sternal angle
Which nerve causes hoarseness if pressed?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which nerve supplies the vocal cords?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
Dypsnoea
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Surface anatomy
Where is the apex of the lung?
2cm above clavicle
Surface anatomy
Where does the left lung move due to the heart?
4th costal cartilage
Surface anatomy
Where does the right lung move laterally?
6th costal cartilage
Surface anatomy
At the 8th rib anteriorly are you still listening to the lung?
Yes
Surface anatomy
At the 10th rib posteriorly are you still listening to the lung?
Yes
Suface anatomy
Where does the pleura end?
2 ICS below the lung
Surface anatomy
Where is the oblique fissure?
T4 to anterior rib 6
Surface anatomy
Where is the horizontal fissure?
4th rib to mid-axillary line - meets oblique fissure
Surface anatomy
What other landmark can be used to find oblique fissure?
Scapula
What does hemiplegia mean?
Partial paralysis
