WEEK 3: Skin, hair, nails, lymphatic, PVS Clinical Reasoning & Evaluating Clinical Evidence Flashcards

Question

Risk factor for melanoma

Answer 1

Mole changing Male gender Hx of melanoma ≥ 50 moles or atypical or unusual moles (dysplastic) Red or light hair Actinic lentigines, macular brown (frickles) or tan spots (usually on sun exposed areas) Heavy sun exposure (especially severe childhood sunburns) Light eye or skin color (especially freckles/burns easily) Family history of melanoma

Answer 2

``` Color Moisture Temperature Texture Mobility and turgor Lesions Hair Nails ```

Answer 3

the medical term for a mole. Nevi are very common. Most people have between 10 and 40. Common nevi are harmless collections of colored cells. They typically appear as small brown, tan, or pink spots.M

Answer 4

raised area of skin tissue that's less than 1 centimeter around.

Answer 5

SKIN: Descriptors of Rash/Lesions Annular: circular lesion Confluent:looks like its all molding together, all coming together,so many lesion you cannot tell one from another Discrete:you can see 3 discrete lesion, see a certain amount Gyrate/Serpiginous: in line, like snake like Grouped: grouped lesion Linear: a line lesion Target: look likes targets

Answer 6

Annular: circular lesion

Answer 7

Confluent:looks like its all molding together, all coming together,so many lesion you cannot tell one from another

Answer 8

Discrete:you can see 3 discrete lesion, see a certain amount

Answer 9

Gyrate/Serpiginous: in line, like snake like

Answer 10

Herpetiform or Dermatomal (shingles like, lives in derm and nerve route):

Answer 11

ezcema scratching

Answer 12

prolonged scratching, rough skin

Answer 13

dry skin, skin breakdown from dry skin

Answer 14

moist skin breakdown

Answer 15

tiny white bumps on skin

Answer 16

black and white heads

Answer 17

Senile Purpura- superficial bleeding into the skin, happens in elder adults, generally on blood thinner.

Answer 18

Alopecia - happen in young adults, round discrete area of hair loss

Answer 19

Trichotillomania- hair pulling, need behavior therpay or treat OCD need to pick

Answer 20

Traction Alopecia- happens when certain hair style are pulled too tight

Answer 21

Onychomycosis (& tinea pedis)- fungus/athelet’s feet

Answer 22

Mongolian spot: darker patch on sacrum/buttock Darker skinned infants/children- Asian, black, Hispanic or native American Often mistaken for “bruising” or abuse

Answer 23

Mongolian spot: darker patch on sacrum/buttock Darker skinned infants/children- Asian, black, Hispanic or native American Often mistaken for “bruising” or abuse

Answer 24

Seborrheic Dermatitis “Cradle Cap” scaly, crusty, yellow/white Oil, skin cells Apply baby shampoo and coconut oil

Answer 25

Strawberry hemangioma: vascular nevus- collection of blood vessels Often stays for rest of the life and style with baby, completely normal

Answer 26

Striae Gravidarum “stretch marks”: atrophy of the skin due to rapid growth and stretching of the skin Abdomen, breasts & thighs . . . Itching may occur If mom have it, the daughter will most likely have it

Answer 27

“Mask of pregnancy” Melasma: 70% of women; hyperpigmentation of skin- forehead, cheeks or nose (usually resolves after pregnancy)

Answer 28

Linea nigra: darkened vertical line in center of abdomen | pregnancy occurance

Answer 29

Actinic Keratoses (AK); precancerous (pre cancerous - want to freeze it off krotosis it off - )>> SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)

Answer 30

Seborrheic Keratoses (SK); benign

Answer 31

Acrochordons (skin tags); benign

Answer 32

Solar lentigo (used to call these “liver spots”); benign

Answer 33

Palpation Location: where are they? If cervical- be specific Size: estimate the size <1cm, >1cm? Consistency: firm, rubbery, soft, matted, irregular Mobility: mobile, fixed Tenderness: tender, non-tender

Answer 34

Lymphangitis Inflammation or infection of the lymphatic vessels Commonly develops after cutaneous inoculation of microorganisms into the lymphatic vessels Lymphadenitis Inflammation or infection of one or more lymph nodes Pain and tenderness distinguish it from lymphadenopathy Lymphedema Edema or enlargement due to localized lymphatic fluid retention Primary: Congenital malformation or dysfunction Secondary: Acquired condition due to injury, removal, or damage to the lymphatic vessels

Answer 35

``` Risk factors for Aortic Aneurysm Smoking Male gender Advancing age Caucasian race Atherosclerosis HTN Family history of AAA Other arterial aneurysms (eg, iliac, femoral, popliteal, intracranial) Connective tissue disorder (eg, Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Loeys-Dietz syndromes) or family history Prior history of aortic dissection Prior history of aortic surgery or instrumentation ```

Answer 36

``` PAD Risk Factors Age 70 years or older DM Smoking Dyslipidemia HTN Known Atherosclerotic disease Abnormal LE pulses Leg symptoms with exertion or ischemic rest pain ```

Answer 37

higher right ankle pressure divide by higher arm pressure ; higher left ankle pressure / higher arm pressure <0.9 needs attention (smaller the number the more serious)

Answer 38

Stasis, Vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability

Answer 39

Homan’s Sign: pain in calf with extreme dorsiflexion of foot

Answer 40

``` Venous Edema Thickened skin Jagged edges Painful Brownish appearing if chronic Medial portion of ankle No gangrene Present pulses, maybe increase ``` ``` Arterial Shiny, atrophic skin Hair loss of feet/toes Rarely edema- mild Round Intermittent claudication Pale on elevation Red on dependency Involves toes or points of trauma Gangrene may develop Pulseless or weak ```

Answer 41

Raynauds Phenomenon | Vasomotor dysfunction that affects distal arterial circulation of fingers, toes, earlobes, face, nipples, or nose

Answer 42

Sensitivity: the likelihood of a test to detect or “sense” a certain condition (true positive rate) Highly sensitive: very few cases will be missed, if this test is done Specificity: likelihood that the test will correctly identify those without the condition (true negative rate) High specificity: very few false positives