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Community > Week 3: Promoting Health in Communities & Examining Local, National and Global Health Disparities > Flashcards

Week 3: Promoting Health in Communities & Examining Local, National and Global Health Disparities Flashcards

1
Q

According to Healthier Canadians for Healthier World

(PHAC) All Canadians should adapt what efforts to maintain good health?

A 
Balanced nutritious diet
Quit Smoking
Drink Moderately
Reduce Stress
Exercise Regularly
Maintain Oral health
Annual Checkups
Hand Hygiene
Immunizations
Safety measure -helmet, seat belt
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2
Q

What is theOttawa Charter of Rights definition of health promotion?

A

“Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete, physical, mental and social well being, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.”

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3
Q

According to WHO what is the focus of health promotion?

A

Health is seen as an resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.

Health promotion is not the responsibility of the health care sector, but goes beyond healthy life styles and living

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4
Q

List the relevant health promotion documents

A

A new perspective on the health canadians (Lalonde Report - Canada 1973)

Declaration of the Alma-Alta: Primary health care principles
(WHO 1986)

Ottawa Charter - Health Promotion (WHO 1986)

Achieving health for all, A framework for health promotion. (Health & Welfare Canada 1986)

Jakarta Declaration on health promotion into the 21st century. ( Who 1997).

Toronto Charter (2003)

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5
Q

List the highlights of the Lalonde Report

A

1973 paper identified that health care was not responsible for an individuals health & population health improvements

2 Main Objectives:

1) The healthcare system
2) Prevention of health problems & promotion of good health

4 elements of health field concept

1) Human Biology
2) Environment
3) Lifestyle
4) Healthcare organization
- determined the cause of illness and death in Canadians

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6
Q

What recommendations do the Lalonde Report purpose?

A

Increase health care budget to support:
Change in individual lifestyles, social & physical environments will improve health outcomes.

Increased awareness of health risks including smoking & cancer, diet & coronary artery disease, physical activity for health & risks around alcohol abuse.

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7
Q

List the highlights of the Declaration of Alma Alta

A

1978 summary or the international Conference of Primary Health Care.

Health is a human right

Economic & social determinants impact health

Participation by ppl. is essential

Promotion prevention, curative, rehabilitation are all necessary

Government responsibility for healthcare.

Primary Health care

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8
Q

Primary Health Care includes?

A 
Health Education
Food
Safe Water & Sanitation
Maternal & Child health care
Immunization
Prevention & Control treatment of diseases.
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9
Q

Describe the Achieving Health For All Framework for Health Promotion, 1986

A

Canada’s visionary document for equitable access to health in response to Alma Alta.

Addressed the SDOH & instigated a policy shift to focus on community development, engaging Canadians to care about their health& instigate social & environmental changes

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10
Q

What are the 3 challenges with Achieving Health For All Framework for Health Promotion?

A

Disadvantaged groups have a lower life expectancy & experience poorer health.

Preventative disease & injuries still threaten the health of Canadians.

Thousands of Canadians suffer from chronic disease & disability & lack of community support.

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11
Q

Describe the “ New Vision of Health” as outlined by the Health Promotion Framework 1986

A

Quality of life concept

Addresses 3 challenges identified by:

  • Reducing inequities
  • Increasing prevention effort
  • Enhancing ppls ability to cope
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12
Q

Under the Health Promotion Framework 1986. What are the 3 strategies for health promotion?

A

Fostering public participation

Strengthening Community Health Services

Coordinating Healthy Public Policy

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13
Q

Describe the Ottawa Charter

A

1st international confereance on health promotion 1986

CHARTER for action to achieve health for all by 2000 + yrs

Promotion focuses on achieving equity in health

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14
Q

What are the 5 strategies for promoting health in the Ottawa Charter?

A
  1. Building healthy public policy
  2. Creating supportive environments
  3. Strengthening Community Action
  4. Developing Personal Skills
  5. Reorienting Health Services
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15
Q

What are the prerequisites for health in the Ottawa Charter?

A 
Food
Peace
Income
Education 
Shelter
Stable eco-system
Sustainable resources
Social Justice & Equity
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16
Q

The Ottawa Charter discussed the commitment to health promotion by:

A

Responding to health gap

Reorient services towards promotion

Recognize health maintenance as a social investment

Healthy public policy-advocate for political commitment to health & equity in all sectors.

17
Q

Describe the keys points of the Jakarta Declaration

A

4th international Conference on health promotion.
Health promotion is a key investment
Health is a human right
Need for social & economic development
Recognizes globalization has an impact on health
Priorities health promotion
Promote social responsibility for health
Increase investments fro health development.

18
Q

What are the SDOH new challenges under the Jakarta Declaration

A 
Demographic trends
Increased sedentary behaviour
Resistance to antibiotics/other 
Increased drug abuse
Civil and domestic violence
New infectious disease
Increased recognition of MH
Transnational factors-global Economy, financial markets, trade.
Communication Tech
Environmental degradation
19
Q

The Toronto Charter outlined what areas of concern for what SDOH ?

A 
Early Childhood Development
Education Systems
Employment & working conditions
Food Security
Healthcare services
Housing Shortages
Income & Equitable distribution
Social Exclusion
Social Safety Nets
Unemployment & employment security
Vulnerable populations
20
Q

What were the recommendations the Toronto Charter made?

A

Governments of all levels should review their current economic, social, & service policies on how they impact SDOH.

All health care agencies, including public health need to educate their staff about the implications of theSDOH and encourage a culture of health promotion to the communities they serve.

The media should uncover the discrepancies with the SDOH in the Canadian popoluation

21
Q

The Toronto Charter was required by the government to take immediate action on what 2 SDOH?

A
  1. Safe & affordable housing

2. A universal system of high quality childcare.

22
Q

Why do we need to care about health disparities?

A

PHAC -health disparities result from inequalities in the distribution of the underlying determinants of health acrcoss populations

Socio-economic status (SES), first nations identity, gender & geographic location are important factors in health disparities in canada

23
Q

Whats the CHN role in addressing health disparities?

A

Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice:
Belief & Values include caring, empowerment & individual/community partnership.

CHN practice is defined in the environment working in i.e. PH, visiting nursing.

CHN process includes assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation nursing processes, but with different “clients”

“clients” may be populations, communities and individuals

24
Q

List the CHNC standards

A
  1. Promoting Health
  2. Prevention & Health Protect
  3. Health Maintenance, restoration & Palliation
  4. Professional Relationships
  5. Capacity Building
  6. Access & Equity
  7. Professional Responsibility & Accountability
25
Q

What are some clinical examples of Health Promotion

A

Smoking cessation program
Healthy eating for low income pregnant women
Increasing Physical Activity in school age children
HBHC

26
Q

Clinical Examples of Health Protection and Prevention Programs?

A

TB surveillance
STI surveillance
Childhood immunizations

27
Q

Clinical Examples of Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation

A

A CHN outreaches to a local day care to assist a child with a feeding tube
Collaborating with a family to coordinate care with their elderly father and a PSW
A CHN contacts the doctor when a palliative client at home dies

28
Q

Clinical Examples of Professional Relationship

A

A public health nurse (PHN) provides a workshop to high school teachers to support their students with mental health concerns

29
Q

Clinical Examples of Capacity Building

A

PHN supporting local school staff, parents and the school board to integrate physical activity into the school curriculum and recess through program planning activities
A CHN supports a young woman with domestic violence to create a safety plan and link the client with a local women’s shelter to help her leave the relationship

30
Q

Clinical Examples of Access and Equity

A 
A CHN organizes a scooter that would help an isolated woman suffering from mobility issues to have the ability to leave her 1 bedroom apartment   
A PHN has identified her frustration with her inability to teach her prenatal class to clients who don’t speak English.
She advocates for interpreters from her program director. After a program review and a community assessment, a class for non native English speakers is piloted
31
Q

Clinical Examples of Professional Responsibility and Accountability

A

A client has revealed to the PHN she has been leaving her 6 year old with the 6 month old baby when she runs to the Shoppers around the corner for diapers. The PHN informs the client she is concerned for the children’s safety and contacts CAS.

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